Lingua inglese base

LONG VOWEL

/u:/ spelling prec. by /j/:



u= human

eu= feud

ew= new

/u:/ spelling not prec. By /j/:



oo= food/moon

ou= group/youth

ui= fruit/juice MINIMAL PAIRS

/u/ /u:/

full fool

pull pool

look Luke

SHORT VOWEL

// (inverted “V”) spelling:



u= butter/lunch/much

on= month/London

om= some

on= young MINIMAL PAIRS 

/ae/ / /

track truck

hatch(= sportello) hutch(=gabbia)

mad mud

4 /3:/ spelling:



ear= earn

er= term

ir= girl

or= word

ur= church MINIMAL PAIRS

// /3:/

bud(=bocciolo) bird

cut curt

fun fern(=felce)

/ə/ (schwa,quando la sillaba non è accentata) spelling:



a= alive

ai= Britain

e= present

er= permit

re= centre

o= iron (aien)

or= actor

ou= famous

our= neighbour

ur/ure= pleasure

SEMI-VOWEL OR GLIDE CONSONANTS

/j/ spelling:



i= onion

e= new /nju:/



u= human

y= yellow

/w/ spelling:



gu= language

qw= question

w= wake

5 THE 8 DIPHTHONGS

eI= cake/away/eight

aI= five/high/fly

əu = no/boat/snow

au= brown/house

ɒI= noise/boy

Iə= beer/here

eə= chair/care/bear

uə= cure/poor ASSIMILATION (REGRESSIVE OR PROGRESSIVE):

d>b BAD MAN baedmaen baebmaen

  

d>t GOOD TIMES gudtaimz guttaimz

  

d>n GOOD NIGHT gudnait gunnait

  

n> FINE CANDLES fainkaendəlz faikaendəlz

  

v>m GIVE ME givimi gimmi

  

WHO’S THIS? hu:zis hu:zzis

>z   

IN THAT CAR inaetka: innaekka

>n   

SAVE THEM seivem seivvem

>v    ELISION:

CORRECT /kreckt/



JUST BEFORE /dʒsbIfɔ:r/



I AM SORRY THAT I WAS LATE BUT I WAS CAUGHT IN TRAFFIC SORRY Z LATE Z CAUGHT MH TRAFFIC



I AM SORRY I WAS LATE BUT I WAS CAUGHT IN TRAFFIC (AMERICAN WAY)

ALCUNI SCIOGLILINGUA PER ESERCITARSI CON LA FONETICA:

My hair is in the pure air /MaI heəIz In ða pjuə eə/



I hear with my ears here /AI hIə wið maI Iəz hIə/



6 GRAMMAR

rd

Present Simple (3 person sing. + “s” )



Present Continuous (be + ing) può essere usato con idea di futuro



Questions (inversion verb/subject) Order of the sentences

Affirmative SVOMPT

 

- Ex. I | study | English | hard | at home | in the afternoon |

Question VSOMPT? With TO BE

 

- Ex. Is | she| a good student?

AUX+S+V+O..?

- Ex. Does | she| study| English | hard | at home?|

Negative SANV

 

- Ex. She | doesn’t | study

Interro-negative ANSV..?

 

- Ex. Doesn’t| she | study | hard?

“Got” obbligatorio for personal relashionship/physical appearance

WH- QUESTIONS:

What, Which, Where, When, Who, Whose, Why, How] is/are + subject or do/does + subject + verb

MEANS OF TRANSPORT:

By train, by plane, by car, by coach(is used between two cities)/bus, by by cicle/cycle, by

boat/ship/ferries

On foot walk



7 ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY:

Always, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, ever, never, usually

Position= before the main verb

- Ex. I sometimes go to the cinema.

- Ex. She often play tennis

- Ex. Do you always come here on holiday?

BUT AFTER WITH THE VERB “TO BE”



- Ex. She is often late THE PAST (SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS)

THE SIMPLE PAST:

1) VERB + “ED”

- Ex. When I lived in Manchester

2) IRREGULAR FORM

- Ex. We left the party at 11.00

- Ex. This house cost £35.000 in 1980

3) TO BE = WAS,WERE

- EX. I was angry

It rained

Did it rain?

It didn’t rain

Didn’t it rain?

8 HOW TO PRONOUNCE “ED”

1) |t| when the verbs ends in /f/ /k/ /p/ /s/ // /t/ //

Some examples:

LAUGHED /la:ft/



COOCKED /kukt/



STOPPED /stɔpt/



KISSED /kist/



FINISHED /finit/



MATCHED /maett/



BATHED /ba:t/



2) /Id/ when the verb ends with /t/ and /d/

Some examples:



STARTED /sta:tId/

NEEDED /ni:dId/



VISITED /vIsItId/



*[ NAKED /neIkId/ ] eccezione



3) /d/ in all other cases

Some examples:

PLAYED /pleId/



BELIEVED /bIli:vd/



USED /ju:zd/



What does he/she look like? ≠ What he/she likes? PHYSICAL ASPECT:

For examples tall, slim, medium height, fat, average(=nella media), well built

Hair can be short, curly, wavy, straight

*IT’S WRONG TO SAY BLACK EYES! DARK EYES IS CORRECT



Ex. She is medium height and she has got long straight black hair, brown eyes and a tiny nose.

LUNGHEZZA= LENGTH & PESO= WEIGHT ADJECTIVE ORDER:

1) NUMBER

2) GENERAL QUALITY (BELLO,BRUTTO,SIMPATICO)

3) SIZE ( DIMENSIONE)

4) AGE (OLD/NEW)

5) SHAPE (FORMA)

6) COLOUR

7) PATTERN

8) NATIONALITY

9) MATERIAL

10) ADJECTIVAL NOUN

11) NOUN

Ex. A | nice | large | old | square | green | striped | English | wooden | garden | chair

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