Eurocode 3 - General rules and ruled for buildings

EN 1993-1-1

EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2005

ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10 Supersedes ENV 1993-1-1:1992

English version

Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules

and rules for buildings

Eurocode 3: Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 1-1: Eurocode 3: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten

Règles générales et règles pour les bâtiments - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Regeln für

den Hochbau

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2004.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European

Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national

standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation

under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official

versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,

Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,

Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1993-1-1:2005: E

worldwide for CEN national Members.

EN 1993-1-1: 2005 (E)

Contents Page

General ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

1 1.1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................. 9

1.2 Normative references....................................................................................................................... 10

1.3 Assumptions..................................................................................................................................... 11

1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules ..................................................................... 11

1.5 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................................... 11

1.6 Symbols............................................................................................................................................ 12

1.7 Conventions for member axes.......................................................................................................... 20

2 Basis of design ........................................................................................................................................ 22

2.1 Requirements ................................................................................................................................... 22

2.1.1 Basic requirements .................................................................................................................. 22

2.1.2 Reliability management........................................................................................................... 22

2.1.3 Design working life, durability and robustness ....................................................................... 22

2.2 Principles of limit state design ........................................................................................................ 23

2.3 Basic variables ................................................................................................................................ 23

2.3.1 Actions and environmental influences..................................................................................... 23

2.3.2 Material and product properties............................................................................................... 23

2.4 Verification by the partial factor method ........................................................................................ 23

2.4.1 Design values of material properties ....................................................................................... 23

2.4.2 Design values of geometrical data........................................................................................... 23

2.4.3 Design resistances.................................................................................................................... 24

2.4.4 Verification of static equilibrium (EQU)................................................................................. 24

2.5 Design assisted by testing................................................................................................................ 24

3 Materials................................................................................................................................................. 25

3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................ 25

3.2 Structural steel................................................................................................................................. 25

3.2.1 Material properties................................................................................................................... 25

3.2.2 Ductility requirements ............................................................................................................. 25

3.2.3 Fracture toughness................................................................................................................... 25

3.2.4 Through-thickness properties .................................................................................................. 27

3.2.5 Tolerances................................................................................................................................ 28

3.2.6 Design values of material coefficients..................................................................................... 28

3.3 Connecting devices .......................................................................................................................... 28

3.3.1 Fasteners .................................................................................................................................. 28

3.3.2 Welding consumables.............................................................................................................. 28

3.4 Other prefabricated products in buildings ...................................................................................... 28

4 Durability ............................................................................................................................................... 28

5 Structural analysis................................................................................................................................. 29

5.1 Structural modelling for analysis .................................................................................................... 29

5.1.1 Structural modelling and basic assumptions............................................................................ 29

2 EN 1993-1-1: 2005 (E)

5.1.2 Joint modelling ........................................................................................................................ 29

5.1.3 Ground-structure interaction.................................................................................................... 29

5.2 Global analysis ................................................................................................................................ 30

5.2.1 Effects of deformed geometry of the structure ........................................................................ 30

5.2.2 Structural stability of frames ................................................................................................... 31

5.3 Imperfections ................................................................................................................................... 32

5.3.1 Basis ........................................................................................................................................ 32

5.3.2 Imperfections for global analysis of frames ............................................................................ 33

5.3.3 Imperfection for analysis of bracing systems .......................................................................... 36

5.3.4 Member imperfections............................................................................................................. 38

5.4 Methods of analysis considering material non-linearities .............................................................. 38

5.4.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 38

5.4.2 Elastic global analysis ............................................................................................................. 39

5.4.3 Plastic global analysis.............................................................................................................. 39

5.5 Classification of cross sections........................................................................................................ 40

5.5.1 Basis ........................................................................................................................................ 40

5.5.2 Classification ........................................................................................................................... 40

5.6 Cross-section requirements for plastic global analysis................................................................... 41

6 Ultimate limit states............................................................................................................................... 45

6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................ 45

6.2 Resistance of cross-sections ............................................................................................................ 45

6.2.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 45

6.2.2 Section properties .................................................................................................................... 46

6.2.3 Tension .................................................................................................................................... 49

6.2.4 Compression ............................................................................................................................ 49

6.2.5 Bending moment ..................................................................................................................... 50

6.2.6 Shear ........................................................................................................................................ 50

6.2.7 Torsion..................................................................................................................................... 52

6.2.8 Bending and shear ................................................................................................................... 53

6.2.9 Bending and axial force........................................................................................................... 54

6.2.10 Bending, shear and axial force ................................................................................................ 56

6.3 Buckling resistance of members ...................................................................................................... 56

6.3.1 Uniform members in compression .......................................................................................... 56

6.3.2 Uniform members in bending.................................................................................................. 60

6.3.3 Uniform members in bending and axial compression ............................................................. 64

6.3.4 General method for lateral and lateral torsional buckling of structural components............... 65

6.3.5 Lateral torsional buckling of members with plastic hinges ..................................................... 67

6.4 Uniform built-up compression members ......................................................................................... 69

6.4.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 69

6.4.2 Laced compression members................................................................................................... 71

6.4.3 Battened compression members .............................................................................................. 72

6.4.4 Closely spaced built-up members............................................................................................ 74

7 Serviceability limit states ...................................................................................................................... 75

7.1 General ............................................................................................................................................ 75

7.2 Serviceability limit states for buildings ........................................................................................... 75

7.2.1 Vertical deflections.................................................................................................................. 75

7.2.2 Horizontal deflections.............................................................................................................. 75

7.2.3 Dynamic effects....................................................................................................................... 75

Annex A [informative] – Method 1: Interaction factors k for interaction formula in 6.3.3(4) ............. 76

ij 3

EN 1993-1-1: 2005 (E)

Annex B [informative] – Method 2: Interaction factors k for interaction formula in 6.3.3(4) ............. 79

ij

Annex AB [informative] – Additional design provisions ........................................................................... 81

Annex BB [informative] – Buckling of components of building structures ............................................. 82

4 EN 1993-1-1: 2005 (E)

Foreword

This European Standard EN 1993, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures, has been prepared by Technical

Committee CEN/TC250 « Structural Eurocodes », the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is

responsible for all Structural Eurocodes.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical

text or by endorsement, at the latest by 2005, and conflicting National Standards shall be withdrawn

November

at latest by March 2010.

This Eurocode supersedes ENV 1993-1-1.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organizations of the

following countries are bound to implement these European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech

Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,

Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Background of the Eurocode programme

In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of

construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of

technical obstacles to trade and the harmonization of technical specifications.

Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonized technical

rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national

rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them.

For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member

States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of

European codes in the 1980s. 1

In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement

between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to the

CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN).

This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council’s Directives and/or Commission’s

Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products

– CPD – and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and

equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market).

The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of

Parts:

EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural design

EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures

EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures

EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures

EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures

EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures

EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures

EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design

EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance

1 Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN)

concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89). 5

EN 1993-1-1: 2005 (E)

EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Eurocode standards recognize the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have

safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these

continue to vary from State to State.

Status and field of application of Eurocodes

The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognize that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the

following purposes :

as a means to prove compliance of building and ci