Design methods

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۰ History of the Design thinking

It started in the 1960s and it comes to now. Some theories come even from before.

The first time “Design thinking” became a book was 1987, by Peter Rowe. He focused on:

DECISION MAKING

DEFINING DESIG PROTOCOLS (documenting design process)

There is no step by step, each architect works in different ways

A problem occurs when an organism wants something and the actions to get it are not obvious.

3 CATEGORIES OF PROBLEMS

Well defined problems - A solution requires application of the rules to the specific equation

Ill defined problems - You should better define the problem by talking to your customer

Wicked problems - Without a definitive definition

At the end of 1800 the modern era pushed towards the “scientificazation” of creative activities

like design and architecture. Because there was a strong division between scientific disciplines

and artistic performances.

DEDUCTION - From general to specific

INDUCTION - From specific to general

In design process you use both of them. Deduction and induction were tools to give a meaning

to what happened in the world around us.

Deduction proves that something must be, induction shows that something actually is operative.

ABDUCTION suggests that something may be. It assumes the definition of an hypothesis, not

already given by the cases, and for that is a sort of intelligent try.

What means “think out of the box”? It means to think by association, to stimulate the area of

the brain which is most creative. Associationism says that creativity is a RANDOM event.

Wurzburg school says that creativity is CONTROLLABLE.

Gestalt, which is the theory that led Bauhaus, says that while you’re looking, your brain

immediately associates what you’re seeing with something. For Gaestalt, creativity is a FREE

RECONSTRUCION ON THESE FIXED ARRANGEMENTS.

After Gestalt, there’s Behaviourism.

Step process models. It is a rational thinking that makes a list of steps.

In the design process it happens that you’re so concentrate in something that you miss all the

rest. Where design education come from?

In Italy design education was born in the 90s. Actually it was born in 50s and 60s, but the schools

were a few and all private. The bricoleur comes from the art school, the engineer come from the

polytechnic school. Some schools have a very scientific approach to the topic.

In addition to the bricoleur and the engineer, in the 80s there was a new figure, the reflective

practisoner. VISIONS

METAPHORS

STORYBOARDS

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