Cellula e genoma, test di 11 quesiti a risposta multipla in inglese tipo C

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A. It is a vertebrate.

B. It is well suited for genetic analysis. Its early stages of development occur outside of the mother's body.

C.D. Its genome size is almost half that of humans.

E. All of the above.

5. Judged by the average number of nucleotide-pair differences per 1000 nucleotide pairs, which of the following pairs show the highest difference?

A. The genomes of S. cerevisiae and M. musculus

B. The genomes of two different E. coli strains

C. The ribosomal RNA genes from human and E. coli

D. The transfer RNA genes in a human and M. musculus

E. The genomes of two humans

6. Indicate if each of the following descriptions matches RNA (R) or DNA (D). Your answer would be a five-letter string composed of letters R and D only, e.g. RDDRR.

( ) It is mainly found as a long, double-stranded molecule.

( ) It contains the sugar ribose.

( ) It normally contains the bases thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine.

( ) It can normally adopt distinctive folded shapes.

( ) It can be used as the template for

1. ( ) They contain codons.

   ( ) They contain anticodons.

   ( ) They are (covalently) attached to amino acids.

   ( ) They are at the core of a complex that carries out protein synthesis.

2. ( ) They feed on other living organisms or their organic products.

   ( ) They are responsible for the current oxygen-rich atmosphere of the Earth.

   ( ) They are all known to be prokaryotic.

   ( ) They are the primary energy converters in hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor.

3. ( ) They are true.

   ( ) They are false.

(1) B

(2) T

(3) T

(4) F

(5) F

(6) E

processes are similar to those in... (2), while its genetic machinery is more similar to that of ... (3).”

11. Imagine two spherical cells, one of which is 5000 times larger in volume than the other.The smaller is a prokaryote, and the larger cell is a eukaryote with 20% of its volume confined ina spherical nucleus. If the diameter of the prokaryotic cell is 0.7 micrometers, what is thediameter of the nucleus in the eukaryotic cell in micrometers? Write down your answer as anumber only.

12. What is the order of the following evolutionary landmarks (A to D), from the oldest to themost recent? Your answer would be a four-letter string composed of letters A to D, with theoldest event on the left.

A. Divergence of human and bird lineages

B. Divergence of human and chimpanzee lineages

C. Divergence of A. thaliana lineage from the conifers lineage

D. Divergence of fish and insect lineages

Answers

1. Answer: B

Feedback: It is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

2. Answer: E

Feedback: It is the

1. Answer: E

Feedback: It is the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

2. Answer: E

Feedback: It is the zebrafish Danio rerio.

3. Answer: A

Feedback: Mostly due to horizontal gene transfers, different strains of bacteria can vary wildly in their genomic sequences; however, the difference between the whole genomes of two species as distantly related as the budding yeast and the mouse is by far greater. In comparison, two human individuals differ in a few nucleotide pairs per 1000 nucleotide pairs of their genome. Genes such as ribosomal RNA genes are highly conserved and show a significant identity even between H. sapiens and E. coli.

4. Answer: DRDRR

Feedback: Unlike DNA, cellular RNA is mainly polymerized as single-stranded molecules, allowing for folding into distinctive structures. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) carry the information for protein synthesis. RNA contains the sugar ribose. Thymine is found in DNA.

5. Answer: MTTR

Feedback: Ribosomal RNA forms the core of the ribosome,

An RNA–protein complex. Each transfer RNA is covalently attached to a specific amino acid at one end, and displays at its other end the anticodon sequence that can pair with a codon in a messenger RNA.