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Formulating Questions in English

Now when we make questions to find this information, there are two possibilities. If we want to make a question where the answer is 'window', the question would be:
What did John break? -> John broke a window.

When we make a question where the answer is the object, we use the auxiliary do/did. Now if we want to make a question where the answer is 'John', the question would be:
Who broke the window? -> John broke the window.

In subject questions, the auxiliary do is not used.
Jack likes ice-cream. (Subject - Jack, verb - likes, object - ice-cream)
Subject question:
Who likes ice-cream? Jack likes ice-cream. (NOT Who does like ice-cream?)

Object question:
What does Jack like? Jack likes ice-cream. (NOT What Jack likes?)

My sister writes short stories.
Subject question:
Who writes short stories? My sister writes short stories.

Object question:
What does my sister write? My sister writes short stories.

Mary keeps a pig in the yard.
Subject question:
Who keeps a pig

keep a pig in the yard?

Jennifer lie to?

Jennifer lied to Sam.

SUBJECT QUESTIONS

How to form subject questions:

  • Who / What + verb in simple present or simple past + object ?

Examples of subject questions in the simple present:

  • Who wants some fruit juice?
  • We want some fruit juice.
  • Who likes Fred?
  • Karen likes Fred.
  • What causes cancer?
  • Smoking causes cancer.

(We use "what" because in this case smoking is not a person and we cannot use "who". We understand that it is a subject because there is no do/does/did)

Examples of subject questions in the simple past:

  • Who made a sandwich?
  • Daniel made a sandwich.
  • What damaged your house?
  • The earthquake damaged my house.
  • Who lied to Sam?
  • Jennifer lied to Sam.

SUBJECT AND OBJECT QUESTIONS IN OTHER VERB TENSES

In other verb tenses - present continuous, past continuous, etc. - the auxiliary verbs are forms of the verbs be and have. In these verb tenses, we still use the verbs be and have in both subject and object.

  1. Present continuous:
    • Subject Q: Who is washing the car?
    • Object Q: What is Paul washing?
    • Answer: Paul is washing the car.
  2. Past continuous:
    • Subject Q: Who was talking about the problem?
    • Object Q: What was the manager talking about?
    • Answer: The manager was talking about the problem.

THE SIMPLEST RULE FOR SUBJECT/OBJECT QUESTIONS

When you are going to ask a question in the simple present or simple past using who or what, ask yourself, "Am I asking about the doer (persona che fa l'azione) of the action or the receiver (persona che riceve l'azione) of the action?"

DOMANDATI CHI FA L'AZIONE (SUBJECT) O CHI RICEVE L'AZIONE (OBJECT)

If you're asking about the doer/subject, then DON'T use do/does/did:

  • Who does want fruit juice? Who wants fruit juice?
  • What did damage your house? What damaged your house?

If you're asking about the receiver/object, then YES - use do/does/did:

  • What do you want to drink?
  • What did

the earthquake damage?

Gli avverbi di frequenza (adv of frequency) vanno sempre prima del verbo principale(main verb)

  • Always (sempre)
  • Ever (mai)
  • Generally (generalmente)
  • Hardly ever (quasi mai)
  • Never (non mai)
  • Often (spesso)
  • Rarely (raramente)
  • Seldom (raramente)
  • Sometimes (qualche volta)
  • Usually (di solito)

COMPARATIVES

We use comparatives to compare two or more things or people.

Majority comparative +

We use Majority comparatives for qualities, to compare two adjectives, quantities.

We add -er to one-syllable adjectives.

BIG -> BIGGER HIGH -> HIGHER SMALL -> SMALLER

We put more before adjectives with two or more syllables;

MORE INTRESTING ----- MORE BREATHTAKING

We use than to introduce the second term of comparison.

Examples: I'm smaller than you

You are more beautiful than her

Before noun -> MORE TOURISTS, MORE DRINKS, MORE PEOPLE, HARRY HAS MORE FOOD THAN ME

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Scienze antichità, filologico-letterarie e storico-artistiche L-LIN/12 Lingua e traduzione - lingua inglese

I contenuti di questa pagina costituiscono rielaborazioni personali del Publisher sarp098 di informazioni apprese con la frequenza delle lezioni di Linguistica inglese e studio autonomo di eventuali libri di riferimento in preparazione dell'esame finale o della tesi. Non devono intendersi come materiale ufficiale dell'università Università degli Studi di Cagliari o del prof Virdis Maria Caterina.
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