Formulating Questions in English
Now when we make questions to find this information, there are two possibilities. If we want to make a question where the answer is 'window', the question would be:
What did John break? -> John broke a window.
When we make a question where the answer is the object, we use the auxiliary do/did. Now if we want to make a question where the answer is 'John', the question would be:
Who broke the window? -> John broke the window.
In subject questions, the auxiliary do is not used.
Jack likes ice-cream. (Subject - Jack, verb - likes, object - ice-cream)
Subject question:
Who likes ice-cream? Jack likes ice-cream. (NOT Who does like ice-cream?)
Object question:
What does Jack like? Jack likes ice-cream. (NOT What Jack likes?)
My sister writes short stories.
Subject question:
Who writes short stories? My sister writes short stories.
Object question:
What does my sister write? My sister writes short stories.
Mary keeps a pig in the yard.
Subject question:
Who keeps a pig
Jennifer lie to?
Jennifer lied to Sam.
SUBJECT QUESTIONS
How to form subject questions:
- Who / What + verb in simple present or simple past + object ?
Examples of subject questions in the simple present:
- Who wants some fruit juice?
- We want some fruit juice.
- Who likes Fred?
- Karen likes Fred.
- What causes cancer?
- Smoking causes cancer.
(We use "what" because in this case smoking is not a person and we cannot use "who". We understand that it is a subject because there is no do/does/did)
Examples of subject questions in the simple past:
- Who made a sandwich?
- Daniel made a sandwich.
- What damaged your house?
- The earthquake damaged my house.
- Who lied to Sam?
- Jennifer lied to Sam.
SUBJECT AND OBJECT QUESTIONS IN OTHER VERB TENSES
In other verb tenses - present continuous, past continuous, etc. - the auxiliary verbs are forms of the verbs be and have. In these verb tenses, we still use the verbs be and have in both subject and object.
- Present continuous:
- Subject Q: Who is washing the car?
- Object Q: What is Paul washing?
- Answer: Paul is washing the car.
- Past continuous:
- Subject Q: Who was talking about the problem?
- Object Q: What was the manager talking about?
- Answer: The manager was talking about the problem.
THE SIMPLEST RULE FOR SUBJECT/OBJECT QUESTIONS
When you are going to ask a question in the simple present or simple past using who or what, ask yourself, "Am I asking about the doer (persona che fa l'azione) of the action or the receiver (persona che riceve l'azione) of the action?"
DOMANDATI CHI FA L'AZIONE (SUBJECT) O CHI RICEVE L'AZIONE (OBJECT)
If you're asking about the doer/subject, then DON'T use do/does/did:
- Who does want fruit juice? Who wants fruit juice?
- What did damage your house? What damaged your house?
If you're asking about the receiver/object, then YES - use do/does/did:
- What do you want to drink?
- What did
the earthquake damage?
Gli avverbi di frequenza (adv of frequency) vanno sempre prima del verbo principale(main verb)
- Always (sempre)
- Ever (mai)
- Generally (generalmente)
- Hardly ever (quasi mai)
- Never (non mai)
- Often (spesso)
- Rarely (raramente)
- Seldom (raramente)
- Sometimes (qualche volta)
- Usually (di solito)
COMPARATIVES
We use comparatives to compare two or more things or people.
Majority comparative +
We use Majority comparatives for qualities, to compare two adjectives, quantities.
We add -er to one-syllable adjectives.
BIG -> BIGGER HIGH -> HIGHER SMALL -> SMALLER
We put more before adjectives with two or more syllables;
MORE INTRESTING ----- MORE BREATHTAKING
We use than to introduce the second term of comparison.
Examples: I'm smaller than you
You are more beautiful than her
Before noun -> MORE TOURISTS, MORE DRINKS, MORE PEOPLE, HARRY HAS MORE FOOD THAN ME
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