Remediation of contaminated sites

Aggiornato il 20/02/2026

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Remediation of contaminated sitesIT) Appunti dell'intero corso di 'Remediation of contaminated sites' ordinati e rivisti pronti per essere studiati per l'esame. Contengono tutti i commenti …

Esame Remediation of contaminated sites

Facoltà Ingegneria

Dal corso del Prof. Raga Roberto

Università Università degli Studi di Padova

A.A. 2025-2026

77 pagine

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Risk assessment as a tool for the sustainable management of contaminated

sites

potentially contaminated site

A is an area where concentrations exceeding the threshold values and can

caused potential risk to human health, ecosystems, or the environment. A site investigation and

characterization are a process of information and data to assess the conditions and characteristics of a specific

area and to collect the essential details about the geology, hydrogeology,

environmental conditions and other relevant factors. The main kind of investigations:

Environmental Investigation

• : presence of contaminants in soil and groundwater.

Hydrogeological Investigation

• : understanding the groundwater conditions

Geotechnical Investigation

• : assessing the soil/rock conditions

Types of investigations:

• Available documentation analysis

• On-site investigations

• Laboratory tests

Environmental matrices

1. Unsaturated superficial soil (0-1 m b.g.s.)

2. Unsaturated deep soil (below 1 m b.g.s.)

3. Groundwater

4. Interstitial gases (in the unsaturated soil)

How to assess contamination?

The traditional approach is based on the comparison between the

screening values

measured levels in soil and groundwater with

(are set close to or equal to background values to provide the

maximum degree of protection). Scientists were asked to derive

what are now called risk-based land management strategies:

reduce levels of pollutants, remediation targets are now based on

acceptable levels of risk for the intended land use, based on

environmental and human health risks.

Risk assessment allows to:

Estimate the potential risks for humans and the

• environment posed by the hazardous substances or

chemicals found at a property.

Establish a safe level of risk

• for humans and the

environment in order to define the clean-up objective

In Italy, the Legislative Decree n. 152/06 defines the screening levels CSC whereas risk-based threshold values

CSR.

Risks :

= ×

ℎ

= ×

Toxicity: Dose-Response Curves

Non-carcinogenic contaminants follow the threshold model: below certain doses the possible damage

Carcinogenic is assumed that

quickly becomes null (or negligible). contaminants follow the linear model: it

every dose poses a risk. For carcinogenic contaminants, the choice of the acceptable risk level is a

political choice regarding the incremental risk of tumors.

Conceptual Site Model

Conceptual Site Model (CSM)

The is a

representation of the (biological), physical and

chemical processes that determine the ways that

contaminants move from sources through the

environmental media to environmental receptors.

Contamination Sources

Primary contamination sources distinguished

between:

• Unsaturated zone:

• Surface soil (SS) ≤ 1 m b.g.l. depth;

•

Anteprima

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