Lingua inglese 1 - modulo A

Lezione 14/10/23 Morphology studies the form of the language Semantic studies the meaning of the language Grammar and syntax Pragmatics. A pragmatic person is a philosophic human being. The discourse analysis is a method of analysing the structure of texts longer than one sentence, taxing into account both their linguistic content and their sociolinguistic context. The difference between ‘lingua’ and ‘linguaggio’ is that ‘lingua’ is only about the mental sphere, so the ‘linguaggio’ refers to the system able to produce meaning: “musical language”, “cinematographic language”. English language  Lingua inglese Cinematographic language  Il linguaggio del cinema Polysemous word  The coexistence of many possible meanings for a word or phrase Technology uses language. The mechanism that regulated this scheme. Linguistic: The scientific study of the natural language, it’s different by the artificial language. Lexicon  the study of words. Lexicon is the representation of words (vocabulary). Unstead the morphology is the previous study of words. It’s how the words are structured before their entrance in the vocabulary. Lezione 16/10/23 Morphology It’s the study of word-formation processes, the combination of constituent elements in a word. Morpheme A minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. All these elements are meaningful morphermes. Free morphemes: they can stand for themselves as single words, ex.:read Bound morphemes: those which are always attaches to another element, ex.: -s, -ing, unWhen a free morpheme is used with a bound morpheme, it is called “steme”. Free morphemes - - Lexical morphemes: those which carry the content of word/message (portano il contenuto della parola), ex.: read, open, cat, dog, long, yellow (nouns, verbs, adjectives) Functional morphemes: those which play a functional role between words, they connect other words, ex.: and, but, in, of, what, it, he (conjuctions, prepositions, pronouns) Bound morphemes (affixation) - Derivational morphemes: affixes (prefix, infix, suffix) which give origin to new words in terms of meaning and grammatical category, ex.: -ness (change from adj. > noun good/goodness), -ful (noun>adj, joy/joyful), -ish, -ly, -less, -dis, pre-, un-. infix: an affix which is incorporated inside another word (not normally common in English) Ex.: Hallebloodylujah, unfuckingbelievable, Singabloodypore - Inflectional morphemes: affixes which only denote grammatical functions, they don’t change meaning. They are only 8 inflectional morphemes in English: -‘s (possessive), -s (plural), -s (third person present singular), -ing (present participle), -en (past Prefixes (meaning) - Negative: dis: (disobey), in- (intolerant), un- (unfaithful), non- (nonverbal) Opposition: de- (decentralize), dis- (disconnect), un- (unsaid) Deprivation: a- (amoral), de- (defrost), dis- (dishearten), un- (unmask) Denigration: mal- (malfunction), mis- (misfire), pseudo- (pseudoint