Concetti Chiave
- The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded in 1848 by English artists, aiming to reform art by rejecting the mechanistic approach of the Mannerists who followed Raphael.
- The group, consisting of seven members, sought to revive the spiritual and creative integrity of medieval culture, influenced by Romanticism.
- They developed a painting technique using thin glazes over a wet white ground to achieve jewel-like transparency and vibrant colors.
- The Brotherhood published a periodical, The Germ, to promote their ideas and establish themselves as a reform movement in art.
- John Ruskin, a prominent critic, supported the Pre-Raphaelites for their devotion to nature and innovative approach, providing both financial and literary backing.
The group's intention was to reform art by rejecting what they considered to be the mechanistic approach first adopted by the Mannerist artists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo. They believed that the Classical poses and elegant compositions of Raphael in particular had been a corrupting influence on the academic teaching of art. Hence the name "Pre-Raphaelite".
The Pre-Raphaelites have been considered the first avant-garde movement in art, though they have also been denied that status, because they continued to accept both the concepts of history painting and of mimesis, or imitation of nature, as central to the purpose of art. However, the Pre-Raphaelites undoubtedly defined themselves as a reform-movement, created a distinct name for their form of art, and published a periodical, The Germ, to promote their ideas.
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded in 1848. Influenced by Romanticism, they thought that freedom and responsibility were inseparable. Nevertheless, they were particularly fascinated by medieval culture, believing it to possess a spiritual and creative integrity that had been lost in later eras. This emphasis on medieval culture was to clash with certain principles of realism, which stress the independent observation of nature.
In their attempts to revive the brilliance of colour found in Quattrocento art, Hunt and Millais developed a technique of painting in thin glazes of pigment over a wet white ground. They hoped that in this way their colours would retain jewel-like transparency and clarity. This emphasis on brilliance of colour was in reaction to the excessive use of bitumen by earlier British artists, such as Reynolds.
Public controversies
The first exhibition of Pre-Raphaelite work occurred in 1849. As agreed, all members of the Brotherhood signed works with their name and the initials "PRB".
The Brotherhood found support from the critic John Ruskin, who praised their devotion to nature and rejection of conventional methods of composition. He continued to support their work both financially and in his writings.
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Cuál fue el objetivo principal de la Hermandad Prerrafaelita al fundarse en 1848?
- ¿Qué técnica desarrollaron Hunt y Millais para revivir el colorido del arte del Quattrocento?
- ¿Cómo reaccionó el crítico John Ruskin ante el trabajo de la Hermandad Prerrafaelita?
La Hermandad Prerrafaelita buscaba reformar el arte rechazando el enfoque mecanicista adoptado por los artistas manieristas que sucedieron a Rafael y Miguel Ángel, creyendo que las poses clásicas y composiciones elegantes de Rafael habían corrompido la enseñanza académica del arte.
Hunt y Millais desarrollaron una técnica de pintura con capas delgadas de pigmento sobre un fondo blanco húmedo, con la esperanza de que sus colores mantuvieran una transparencia y claridad similar a las joyas.
John Ruskin apoyó a la Hermandad Prerrafaelita, elogiando su devoción a la naturaleza y su rechazo a los métodos convencionales de composición, brindando apoyo tanto financiero como a través de sus escritos.
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