Concetti Chiave
- E.M. Forster emphasized relationships grounded in equality and emotions, highlighting their importance over societal conventions.
- Henri Bergson distinguished between linear historical time and subjective psychological time, emphasizing the internal experience of time.
- Albert Einstein's theory of relativity introduced uncertainty, challenging the objectivity of time and space dimensions.
- William James proposed that consciousness is a fluid stream, influencing the literary depiction of characters' thoughts and monologues.
- Analytic English Philosophy focused on refining existing knowledge rather than creating new insights, marking a shift in philosophical approach.
E.M. Forster and Relationships
• E.M. Forster: he believed in relationships based on equality and feelings
• A. Huxley
• G. Orwell
• Carl Gustav Jung
• Albert Einstein: his theory of relativity and the birth of quantic physics led to uncertainty, which discarded the concepts of time and space as objective dimensions.
• William James: in his “Principles of Psychology” (1890) he stated how our mind records every experience as a continuous flow of the “already” into the “not yet”. He considered perceptions and unique and contextualized and defined thought as a “stream of consciousness”, as a constantly changing river. Many authors to describe a character’s thought process and interior monologues would use this concept later.
Henri Bergson and Time
• Henri Bergson: he differenced historical and linear time, with the psychological one, which is internal, subjective and has a relative emotional intensity. He also said that a thought or feeling could be measured in terms of number of perceptions, memories and associations.
• James George Frazer: In his anthropology study “The Golden Bough” (1890-1915), he revisited what was considered as absolute religious and ethical truths in the past, as relative and uncertain, and as impossible to be converged in a commonly accepted picture of Man and society.
• Karl Marx
• Friedrich Nietzsche: he believed in human power and perfectibility.
• W.H. Auden
Analytic English Philosophy
English philosophy slowly became analytical, focusing on perfecting the already existing knowledge, without trying to increase it.
Domande da interrogazione
- How did E.M. Forster view relationships, and what was his belief about their foundation?
E.M. Forster believed in relationships that were based on equality and feelings, emphasizing the importance of emotional connections and mutual respect.
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