Concetti Chiave
- The Renaissance was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 15th century, sparked by Greek scholars fleeing to Italy after the fall of Constantinople.
- It marked the rebirth of classical studies, focusing on human potential and independence, contrasting with the Middle Ages' focus on God.
- In Italy, the Renaissance spanned the 15th and 16th centuries, while in England, it began later, reaching its peak in the Elizabethan age.
- England's delayed Renaissance was due to its geographical isolation and the War of the Roses.
- Individualism was perceived differently: as responsibility in England and as enjoyment and self-assertion in Italy.
Indice
When Renaissance was born and spread
The term “Renaissance” is given to express an intellectual movement which spread throughout Europe in the 15th century.In this period the Greek Scholars escaped from Greece to take refuge in Italy because of the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
After this event the Renaissance and the Humanism began.
The Renaissance is the rebirth of the classical studies; it emerged gradually, it can be dated back to the last two centuries of the Middle Ages.
While in the Middle Ages the focus was to God and the men were completely submitted to him, the classical studies focus on the figure of the man who became more conscious of his potentiality and became independent (so it focus also of his individualism).
Schools and education in the Renaissance
Scholars are debating whether schools developed from the 15th to the 16th century were something completely new from the school system in the Middle Ages so that a sort of brake had happened or if they were a continuation and an adaptation of Medieval values and way of learning to the new context.Someone is convinced that there is a strong link between Middle Ages and Renaissance because, after some researches in the archives, teacher’s salaries were found and they were controlled on based on the grade of teaching.
As a matter of fact, they used the same books that were spread among Medieval students, they had their students studied more or less the same authors and the planning of the disciplined followed the trivium and quadrivium subdivision.
On the other hand, others suggested that there were a lot of differences between Middle Age and Renaissance.
In fact, Renaissance enhanced philology studies, went beyond the principle of authority and developed a new vision of the free man who can use his free will to elevate or degrade himself and can be his own fortune while the Middle Ages repressed all the human passions and dignity.
At the end, what can be said is that Renaissance was a period in which human being had to face lots of revolutions (Columbus’ discoveries, Copernican theory, the movable type printing and the consequent faster spread of information).
It implied that the Renaissance human being had to reaffirm himself and his identity and, in order to do so, he had to denigrate the previous period interpreting it with an obscurantism view.
Differences between English Renaissance and Italian Renaissance
English Renaissance is different than Italian Renaissance for some reasons: in Italy the Renaissance and the Humanism covered the period of the 15th- 16th century, in England it was reached at the end of the 15th century and it had his golden age (Elizabethan age) in the second half of the 16th century.In England it arrived later because of its geographical position (because it is an island) and because in that period there was the individualism was considered in two different ways from the two States: in England is was looked as a form of responsibility, while in Italy it was considered as a form of enjoyment and self-assertion.
Domande da interrogazione
- Quando è nato e si è diffuso il Rinascimento?
- Quali erano le caratteristiche principali dell'educazione durante il Rinascimento?
- In che modo il Rinascimento differiva dal Medioevo?
- Quali differenze esistevano tra il Rinascimento inglese e quello italiano?
- Quali rivoluzioni hanno caratterizzato il periodo rinascimentale?
Il Rinascimento è nato nel XV secolo, diffondendosi in tutta Europa dopo la caduta di Costantinopoli nel 1453, quando gli studiosi greci si rifugiarono in Italia.
L'educazione rinascimentale era caratterizzata da un dibattito tra continuità con il sistema medievale e innovazioni come lo studio della filologia e una nuova visione dell'uomo libero.
Il Rinascimento si concentrava sull'individualismo e la potenzialità umana, mentre il Medioevo era incentrato su Dio e reprimeva le passioni umane.
Il Rinascimento inglese arrivò più tardi rispetto a quello italiano e si caratterizzava per una diversa concezione dell'individualismo, visto come responsabilità in Inghilterra e come autoaffermazione in Italia.
Il Rinascimento fu segnato da rivoluzioni come le scoperte di Colombo, la teoria copernicana e l'invenzione della stampa a caratteri mobili, che accelerarono la diffusione delle informazioni.
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