Concetti Chiave
- The Iberians, pre-Celtic people from the Iberian Peninsula, settled in Great Britain around 2000 B.C., living in wooden huts and engaging in farming and craftsmanship.
- The Celts, arriving between the 7th and 4th century B.C., were Germanic tribes with a more advanced culture, known for their strong, tall stature and skills in metalwork.
- Socially, the Celts were organized into tribes and clans, with a king and two social classes, while religious and cultural authority was held by the Druids.
- The Celts spread across Europe by 300 A.C., lacking a unified political structure but sharing a common culture, reaching as far as Rome and interacting with the Etruscans in Italy.
- Renowned as fierce warriors, Celts fought with naked bodies, displaying tattoos, and invented the metal robe and scabbard, later adopted by the Romans.
The Iberians and the Celts - Historical and social Nackgrounds
About 2000 years B.C. pre-celtic people had already settled in Great Britain. These were called the Iberians. Probably the came from Spain, which was also called the Iberian penisula. They lived during the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. Physically speaking, they had dark hair and a strong body. They lived in wooden huts (capanne di legno) and were artisans, infact they produced stone (pietra) and metal objects. They were also fermers (agricoltori) and they starter breeding (paticare l’allevamento).
The Celts
Between the 7th and the 4th century B.C., many Germanic ribes moved towards central and south Europe. Some of these ribes settled in the southern, eastern and western part of Great Britain. These were calle the Celts, who imposed themselves on the Iberians and had a more sophisticated culture. Physically sppeaking the Celts were generally fair-haired (biondi), very strong and tall. They were artisans, farmers, fishers and exellent warriors. They worked iron (fetto), silver (argento), gold (oro) and clay (argilla) and they used to decorate their tools (utensili) and armamento (armi). Socially they were organized in ribes and clans and each tribe and a king and it was composed by rwo social classes: the farmers and the nobles.
The Celts were pagans and believed in different gods ( the god of the Sun, the god of the forest, etc…) and the religious, cultural and judicial powers were in the hands (nelle mani) of the Druids.
The Celts never created their own (il proprio) empire (impero), but they spead (si sparsero) all over Europe durino the 300 A.C.. This was due to the fact that (ciò è dovuto al fatto che) the different Celtic ribes didn’t have a strong politica organization, even though (sebbene) they were linked (legati) by the same culture.
In 7th A.C., they reached Rome, they sacked it (la saccheggiarono), but they never were able (non furono mai in grado) to conquer it. In Italy the Celts settled in the Padana Plain and the central part of Italy. They also had contacts with the Etruscans, from who they learnt to work golden objects. The Celts didn’t have their own writing (una propria scrittura) and all the news about them were told by the Greeks and the Romans who called them Gauls. The Celts were exellent warriors (guerrieri) and bifore fighting, they used to tatoo their bodies, they used to sing, screma (urlare) and use offensive gestures (gesti offensivi) to frighten (spaventare) their enemies (nemici). They faught with naked bodies (a corpo nudo) for two reasons: to show thei tatoos and to offer themselves totally to their gods. After a victory or a battle, they used to cut the enemie’s heads and hang them on their doors to shoe them to the people.
They also were the inventore of the meral robe (cotta di maglia) and of the scabbard (guaina per la spada), which were used then (poi) by the Romans.
Domande da interrogazione
- Chi erano gli Iberi e da dove provenivano?
- Quali erano le caratteristiche fisiche e culturali dei Celti?
- Come era organizzata la società celtica?
- Quali invenzioni celtiche furono adottate dai Romani?
Gli Iberi erano un popolo pre-celtico che si stabilì in Gran Bretagna intorno al 2000 a.C., probabilmente provenienti dalla penisola iberica, oggi conosciuta come Spagna.
I Celti erano generalmente biondi, molto forti e alti. Erano artigiani, agricoltori, pescatori e guerrieri eccellenti, lavoravano ferro, argento, oro e argilla, e decoravano i loro utensili e armamenti.
La società celtica era organizzata in tribù e clan, ciascuna con un re, e composta da due classi sociali: agricoltori e nobili. I Druidi detenevano il potere religioso, culturale e giudiziario.
I Celti furono gli inventori della cotta di maglia e della guaina per la spada, che furono poi utilizzate dai Romani.
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