Concetti Chiave
- Bacon emphasizes the need to explore all known instances by categorizing them into tables of presence, absence, and intensity.
- Induction involves a process of exclusion or elimination to discard false hypotheses and develop a consistent preliminary hypothesis.
- The experimentum crucis is a crucial experiment designed to distinguish between competing theories, leading to the acceptance of one.
- Understanding a phenomenon involves grasping its latent process and structure, which are key to understanding its form and governing laws.
- Bacon's method of induction by elimination aims to achieve true knowledge, differing from Aristotle's approach, which Bacon deemed ineffective.
Bacon's investigative method
According to Bacon, the search for forms must continue investigating all known instances. There are three tables: -Presence (Presencia) = where are recorded all instances in which the phenomenon occurs.
-Absence (Absencia) = where some of the cases related to previous but where the phenomenon does not occur.
-Gradi (RANK) = in which are recorded all the cases or instances in which the phenomenon presents itself according to a greater or lesser intensity.
The process of elimination
With these boards Bacon proceeds with the operation of induction itself by following the procedure of exclusion or elimination. By exclusion or elimination Bacon meant exactly exclusion or elimination of the hypothesis false. The first harvest is a first hypothesis consistent with the data presented in the three tables and screened through the selective process of elimination and exclusion. At this point you get to two cases that are similar and could be mutually exclusive, then the mind could make an error and then the testing is necessary to dispel any doubt.
Experimentum crucis and theory
The experimentum crucis: Bacon devises a rich set of experimental techniques among which "instances of the cross." The term experimentum crucis (literally "experiment of the cross") refers to an experiment able to discriminate between competing theories. After the crucial experiment we have the theory.To understand the idea of the shape necessary to introduce the concepts of:
-Process latency = the law that regulates the generation and the production of the phenomenon
-schematismo = latent structure of nature, the essence of a natural phenomenon
So understand the form means understanding the structure of a phenomenon, and the law which governs the process.
The induction by elimination
The real purpose of knowledge is reached by implementing a research procedure consists induction by elimination, which is different from that of Aristotle considered him useless.
Domande da interrogazione
- Qual è il metodo di ricerca delle forme secondo Bacon?
- Come funziona il processo di esclusione nell'induzione di Bacon?
- Cosa rappresenta l'esperimento cruciale secondo Bacon?
Secondo Bacon, la ricerca delle forme avviene attraverso l'indagine di tutte le istanze conosciute, utilizzando tre tabelle: Presenza, Assenza e Gradi, per registrare i fenomeni in base alla loro occorrenza e intensità.
Il processo di esclusione nell'induzione di Bacon consiste nell'eliminare le ipotesi false attraverso un'analisi dei dati presentati nelle tre tabelle, portando a una prima ipotesi coerente che viene ulteriormente testata per evitare errori.
L'esperimento cruciale, o experimentum crucis, è un esperimento progettato per discriminare tra teorie concorrenti, permettendo di comprendere la forma e la struttura di un fenomeno naturale e la legge che ne regola il processo.
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