Concetti Chiave
- The passive voice is formed by combining the appropriate tense of "be" with the past participle of the main verb.
- Past deduction involves using modal verbs like "must have," "may/might/could have," and "can't/couldn't have" to express certainty or possibility about past events.
- Conditional sentences express hypothetical situations: the second conditional for unlikely present/future scenarios and the third conditional for past situations that didn't happen.
- Mixed conditionals connect past actions to present results, often using "now" to highlight the current consequence.
- Reported speech involves shifting verb tenses back, such as present simple to past simple, while some words like "my" and "this" change to "his" and "that."
Indice
Passive
Present simple=is+part participlePresent continuos=is being+part participle
Present perfect=have been+part participle
Past simple=was+part participle
Past continuos=was being+part participle
Past perfect=had been+part participle
Future=will be+part participle
Future perfect=will have+part participle
Be going to=is going to be+part participle
Ai modali si aggiunge il be(must shut=must be shut)
Present deduction:
-Must+base form=se siamo sicuri
-May/might/could(not)+base form=se non siamo sicuri
-Can't+base form=se è impossibile.
Past deduction
-Must have+past participle= se siamo sicuri-May/might/could(not) have+base form=se non siamo sicuri
-Can't/couldn't have+past participle=se è impossibile.
Second conditional: If+subject+past simple,subject+would+base form
per parlare di una situazione presente o futura che è improbabile o immaginaria
Third conditional: If+subject+past perfect,subject+would have+past participle
per parlare di qualcosa che non è successo nel passato e delle possibili conseguenze se le cose fossero andate in modo diverso
Mixed conditionals: If+subject+past perfect,subject+would+base form
se si vuole collegare un'azione passata con il presente risultato(si usa spesso il now)
Reported speech:
Present simple=Past simple
Present continuos=Past continuos
Present perfect=Past perfect
Past simple=Past perfect
Past continuos=Past perfect continuous(had been driving)
Will=Would
Can=Could
May=Might
I modali rimangono uguali
My=His
This=That
Here=There
Tomorrow=The day after/the following day
Yesterday=The day before/the previous day
Last week=The week before/the previous week
Today-tonight=That day-that night
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