Concetti Chiave
- The passive voice is formed by combining the appropriate tense of "be" with the past participle of the main verb.
- Past deduction involves using modal verbs like "must have," "may/might/could have," and "can't/couldn't have" to express certainty or possibility about past events.
- Conditional sentences express hypothetical situations: the second conditional for unlikely present/future scenarios and the third conditional for past situations that didn't happen.
- Mixed conditionals connect past actions to present results, often using "now" to highlight the current consequence.
- Reported speech involves shifting verb tenses back, such as present simple to past simple, while some words like "my" and "this" change to "his" and "that."
Forme verbali nel presente
Present simple=is+part participle
Present continuos=is being+part participle
Present perfect=have been+part participle
Past simple=was+part participle
Past continuos=was being+part participle
Past perfect=had been+part participle
Future=will be+part participle
Future perfect=will have+part participle
Be going to=is going to be+part participle
Uso dei modali
Ai modali si aggiunge il be(must shut=must be shut)
-Must+base form=se siamo sicuri
-May/might/could(not)+base form=se non siamo sicuri
-Can't+base form=se è impossibile.
-Must have+past participle= se siamo sicuri
-May/might/could(not) have+base form=se non siamo sicuri
-Can't/couldn't have+past participle=se è impossibile.
Second conditional: If+subject+past simple,subject+would+base form
per parlare di una situazione presente o futura che è improbabile o immaginaria
Third conditional: If+subject+past perfect,subject+would have+past participle
per parlare di qualcosa che non è successo nel passato e delle possibili conseguenze se le cose fossero andate in modo diverso
Mixed conditionals: If+subject+past perfect,subject+would+base form
se si vuole collegare un'azione passata con il presente risultato(si usa spesso il now)
Trasformazioni temporali
Present simple=Past simple
Present continuos=Past continuos
Present perfect=Past perfect
Past simple=Past perfect
Past continuos=Past perfect continuous(had been driving)
Will=Would
Can=Could
May=Might
I modali rimangono uguali
My=His
This=That
Here=There
Tomorrow=The day after/the following day
Yesterday=The day before/the previous day
Last week=The week before/the previous week
Today-tonight=That day-that night
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