Concetti Chiave
- Defining relative clauses provide essential information to a sentence and use pronouns like WHO, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, and WHERE.
- These clauses connect phrases sharing a common element, allowing for a more cohesive sentence structure.
- Relative pronouns can be omitted when they refer to the object of the clause in defining relative clauses.
- Non defining relative clauses add extra, non-essential information and are always enclosed by commas.
- In non defining clauses, relative pronouns cannot be omitted, and "that" is never used.
Defining relative clauses
-Defining relative clauses are used to add essential information to a phrase.
-The relative pronouns and adverbs which introduce defining relative clauses are:
WHO for people; the woman who was waiting at the bus stop was nervous.
WHICH for things; the bag which contained the money was red
THAT for people and things; the film that we saw was horrible
WHOSE for possession; the gentleman whose mobile was ringing didn't answer.
WHERE for places; the town where you live is beautiful.
-When two successive phrases have an element in common, we use these clauses to connect the phrases.
Melbourne is a city.
Melbourne is the city where my sister lives.
REMEMBER!
We can omit the relative pronoun when it refers to the object of the relative clause.
That is the bus stop (that/which) I told you about.
Non defining relative clauses
-Non defining relative clauses give additional, non-essential information. They must have a relative pronoun, and are preceded and followed by a comma.
We use:
-WHO for people; Bill, who is a programmer, lives near Ottawa.
-WHICH for things; the maths lesson, which was difficult, lasted two hours.
-WHOSE for possession; Amber, whose mother is a teacher, lives here.
-Non defining relative clauses CAN'T omit the object relative pronoun:
My new tablet, which I bought last year, is user-friendly.
Remember!
-Non defining relative clauses never use that!
-we can use "which" to refer tothe entire preceding clause. In this case, they are always preceded by a comma; the comma cannot be omitted.
They missed the lecture on technology, which was a pity.
-If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we put it at the end of the clause and we can omit the relative pronoun in informal speech
The woman, (who/whom) Angela was speaking to, is Canadian.
-If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we cannot omit the relative pronoun in formal language.
The woman, to whom Angela was speaking, is Canadian.
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Cuándo se utilizan las cláusulas de relativo definidas?
- ¿Qué pronombres relativos se usan en las cláusulas de relativo no definidas?
- ¿Se puede omitir el pronombre relativo en las cláusulas de relativo no definidas?
Las cláusulas de relativo definidas se utilizan para añadir información esencial a una frase, conectando frases sucesivas que tienen un elemento en común.
En las cláusulas de relativo no definidas se usan los pronombres relativos WHO para personas, WHICH para cosas, y WHOSE para posesión, siempre precedidos y seguidos por una coma.
No, en las cláusulas de relativo no definidas no se puede omitir el pronombre relativo, y nunca se utiliza "that".
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