Riassunto esame Strategie comunicative e negoziali della lingua inglese, prof. Baldi, libro consigliato Persuasion in Politics, Partington

Persuasion in politics

Unit 1: Evaluation, what's good and what's bad

There are many ways in which politicians use language. As Shapiro points out, language is vital to the process of transforming political will into social action.

Any political action is prepared, accompanied, controlled and influenced by language.

Politics is war without bloodshed while war is politics with bloodshed. - Mao Tse Tung

I have come to the conclusion that politics is too serious a matter to be left to the politicians. - Charles De Gaulle

Politics is supposed to be the second oldest profession. I have come to realize that it bears a very close resemblance to the first. - Ronald Reagan

Politics is for the present, but an equation is for eternity. - Einstein

Politics is almost as exciting as war, and quite as dangerous. In war you can only be killed once, but in politics many times. - Churchill

In an absolutist or totalitarian regime, those in power rule by using the twin weapons of coercion and the manipulation of information.

In a democracy, the principal use of language in politics is for persuasion in debate.

Persuasion in politics

Unit 1: Evaluation, what's good and what's bad

There are many ways in which politicians use language.

As Shafrinee points out, language is vital to the process of transforming political will into social action.

Any political action is prepared, accompanied, controlled and influenced by language.

Politics is war without bloodshed while war is politics with bloodshed. Mao Tse Tung

I have come to the conclusion that politics is too serious a matter to be left to the politicians. Charles De Gaulle

Politics is supposed to be the second oldest profession. I have come to realize that it bears a very close resemblance to the first. Ronald Reagan

Politics is for the present, but an equation is for eternity. Einstein

Politics is almost as exciting as war, and quite as dangerous. In war you can only be killed once, but in politics many times. Churchill

In an absolutist or totalitarian regime, those in power rule by using the twin weapons of coercion and the manipulation of information.

In a democracy, the principal use of language in politics is for persuasion in debate.

The art of political persuasion: wisdom in Ancient Greece

Art of rhetoric ⇒ the science of persuasion

Three main fields of application:

• Politics (forensic)
• Law (forensic)
• Speeches of public praise or blame (epidemic)

Rhetoric

Rhetoric ⇒ had a mixed reputation.

The word can have a number of meanings.

Aristotle

Sets of persuasive discourse.

The use of words by human agents to form attitudes or to induce actions in other human agents.

It implies the activation of the directive function of language seeking to affect the behaviour of the addressee.

Studying rhetoric means studying the perlocutionary force of utterances, the effect speakers intend them to have on their audience.

Plato

The assertion is speech-trigger.

Rhetoric is manipulative and that is somehow a defeat between choosing sounding rhetorical argument and the truth.

I'm sorry, but it looks like the image is blank. Could you try uploading it again or describe the content you're looking to transcribe?

Middle Ages

Middle Ages → equivalent to grandiloquence.

High sounding but empty language.

This meaning derives from the obsequious flatteries that the late Antiquity offered the courtiers. It is a figurative language and language trope (or figures) that took place by sybaritic orators.

Rhetoric is an over-the-top or outlandish word.

It is used to describe the orator of those In

Rhetoric and power in modern times

In modern times the word rhetoric enjoys a very severe reputation.

The techniques of persuasion → a way to dramatize their power over the powerless.

The relationship between rhetoric and power hasn't always been a cosy one.

Rhetoric has been subversive of authority, and authority has always been wary and intolerant of rhetoric on a reason it called into course.

In those societies where speech is relatively free, much attention is being paid to the phenomenon of spin.

To the tailoring of news and information on its release to the public to rest a favourable light on the institutions of authority.

The term itself is a metaphor deriving from the sport of baseball.

Thus the politician or his/her agent hopes to spin their political message so that it will reach the public without the intervention of a critical press.

The process is necessary because the modern press is obsessed with conflict and scandal and is forever distorting their message.

In the UK and the US all