Concetti Chiave
- During the late 19th century, European colonial expansion was driven by increased emigration, investment in foreign lands, and the desire to export European culture and products.
- Imperialism emerged as a form of colonialism focused on the economic exploitation and political domination of colonized territories, often through military conquest.
- The Berlin Congress of 1884 set the stage for European powers to divide Africa and Asia, leading to increased rivalries and conflicts among nations.
- England engaged in exploitative practices such as the Opium Trade in China, leading to the Opium Wars and expanding British influence despite resistance.
- By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the United States and Japan adopted imperialist policies, extending their influence in the Pacific and Asia.
Colonial expansion and emigration
In the second half of the 800 colonialism it seemed sets. Over the century, however, an increase in the population of Europe brought about a strong emigration not only to America, but also to Africa, Asia and Australia. Financiers and bankers had also invested in mines and plantations of other continents and want to closely monitor their capital. Industrialists and merchants, in turn, wanted to expand their markets by exporting processed products and buying raw materials outside Europe. Finally, the Europeans wanted to export their culture: so also resumed exploration of unknown lands and the action of Christian missionaries.
What is the relationship between imperialism and economic exploitation?
Colonialism turned into imperialism when it is aimed at the total economic exploitation of the colonized countries, both in their territorial control. It came about through military conquest of vast areas of Asia and Africa, the political domination of the colonies and a new type of economic exploitation, and did not bring any progress to the colonized peoples.
In 1884 the great powers met in Berlin Congress to set the rules by which divide the world that immediately sparked rivalries between nations. Italy, after trying in vain to compete with France for control of Tunisia, went to the conquest of Ethiopia, but the venture ended in disaster (1896); in 1911 took the turkish Empire Libya Price of vicious massacres. In 1912 he took away also Rhodes and the Dodecanese islands. The conquest turned out, however, expensive and disappointing.
Imperialist actions of England
Among the many nefarious deeds of imperialism shows the behavior of the English, who were buying silver in China barattandolo with opium, a drug that spread rapidly reducing the population in a state of total dependence. The Emperor of China tried to react by moving the war to the English, but was defeated in 1842, after three years of so-called Opium War. Over the last 800 years also the United States and Japan began to follow a policy of imperialist type. America won the Hawaiian Islands and Samoa, the Philippines and Cuba. Japan, which in 1868 overthrew the feudal system by starting a run forced Westernization, became, around 1900, a major industrial power and conquered Manchuria and Korea.
Domande da interrogazione
- How did European colonial expansion evolve into imperialism in the 19th century?
- How did the Berlin Congress of 1884 influence colonial rivalries among European powers?
European colonial expansion evolved into imperialism as it focused on total economic exploitation and territorial control of colonized countries. This shift involved military conquests in Asia and Africa, political domination, and economic exploitation, which did not benefit the colonized peoples.
The Berlin Congress of 1884 established rules for dividing the world among the great powers, which intensified rivalries between nations. For example, Italy's attempts to compete with France for Tunisia and its subsequent ventures in Ethiopia and Libya were part of these imperialist rivalries.
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