Concetti Chiave
- Henry III ascended to the throne in 1216 and faced a rebellion led by Simon de Montfort in 1258.
- Simon de Montfort temporarily took control of the government, establishing a council of nobles called Parliament.
- Not all nobles supported de Montfort; many sided with Henry III, aiding in his eventual return to power.
- Edward I succeeded Henry III in 1272 and formed the first official parliament, including the middle class.
- Simon de Montfort's actions highlighted the importance of broader representation, influencing future governance.
Henry 3rd's early reign
John Lackland’s successor was Henry 3rd who he started reigning in 1216. At first as soon as he became king he tried to reassert the royal authority but he had to face/cope with the rebellion of a famous figure Simon de Montfort in 1258. He was a leader of a movement which for a while/a short time was able to take over the government, he put aside the king and rule the country after electing a Council of nobles which was given the name of Parliament for the first time. Parliament is a French word which mean discussion, meeting. He himself called this council parliament: a place where people could go and speak, express their own opinions.
Conflict and resolution
Anyway not all the nobles sided with Simon de Montfort because a great deal of the members of upper classes/aristocracy/barons supported the king and actually helped the king to regain the power he had lost. There was a conflict between those who supported the king and those who supported Simon de Montfort. Simon de Montfort and his followers/supporters, the other rebels were defeated in 1275 in Evesham.
Edward 1st's inclusive parliament
When Henry the 3rd died in 1272 Edward 1st became king. He understood that times were changing/had changed so he brought together/gathered/joined the first real parliament with an official value where not only the barons or the clergy were represented but even the middle class/the commons started being represented for the 1st time. From this moment onwards they will never be excluded by the parliament. The middle/emerging class included the knights, the merchants, the ordinary people, the citizens of the town; they were called commons or commoners. Initially they were called commoners later on they acquire the name of commons. The figure of Simon de Montfort is so important because although he was defeated very soon he represented a good lesson for the king’s to be (the future king- Edward I).
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Cuál fue el papel de Simon de Montfort durante el reinado de Enrique III?
- ¿Cómo cambió el Parlamento bajo el reinado de Eduardo I?
- ¿Qué importancia tuvo Simon de Montfort para los futuros reyes, como Eduardo I?
Simon de Montfort lideró un movimiento que logró tomar el control del gobierno por un tiempo, estableciendo un Consejo de nobles llamado Parlamento, donde se podían expresar opiniones.
Eduardo I reunió el primer parlamento real con valor oficial, incluyendo no solo a los barones y el clero, sino también a la clase media, los comunes, que comenzaron a estar representados por primera vez.
Aunque Simon de Montfort fue derrotado, su figura representó una lección importante para futuros reyes, como Eduardo I, sobre la necesidad de incluir a más sectores de la sociedad en el gobierno.
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