Concetti Chiave
- In 1745, Charles Edward led a Jacobite rebellion to reclaim the English throne, but faced no local support due to religious and political concerns.
- The Hanoverian dynasty continued due to its Protestant roots, with a need for new leadership and policies emerging.
- William Pitt, a Whig party member and critic of Robert Walpole, rose in popularity by rejecting corruption, eventually becoming Prime Minister in 1766.
- Pitt's foreign policy focused on economic growth and mercantilism, aiming to boost England's power and trade influence globally.
- During the 1756 war, England allied with Prussia and expanded its empire by gaining control over territories like India, Canada, and parts of Africa, enhancing its trade network.
William Pitt’s policy
In 1745 the Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole died and Charles Edward, grandson of James II, guided a second Jacobite rebellion in the attempt to take control of the throne of England. When the Scottish invaded England no Englishman joined because they didn’t want a Catholic king, or an alliance with France. The Hanoverians, who were protestant, continued their dynasty but the country required a new policy which was brought forward by William Pitt.
He was a member of the Whig party but he was also an opponent of Walpole who had accused him and his ministers. He himself refused offers of bribe becoming very popular with the publics and from head of the Administration he became Prime Minister in 1766. Pitt’s foreign economic and mercantilist policy aimed to make England powerful in the world and trade market. When in 1756 the war broke out, in order to expand England trade and maintain a balanced power within Europe, England joined forces with Prussia against France, Spain, Austria and Russia. During the war against France England took control of great part of India and the islands of Guadaloupe, of Quebec in Canada, of Dakar in Africa. This Empire granted England imports of fish, fur, wood and sugar, and also slaves from Africa, and the international trade in England increased rapidly.
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