Concetti Chiave
- The open account is a payment method where the bank automatically pays the firm at a fixed period, providing a statement to the payer.
- A bill of exchange is a document instructing a bank to pay a set amount on behalf of a person or company, commonly used in foreign trade.
- Documents against payment allow the buyer to receive shipping documents upon payment, ensuring transaction security.
- Documents against acceptance require the buyer to accept and sign the bill of exchange to obtain shipping documents.
- A letter of credit from a bank ensures payment, involving four parties, and offers strong seller protection, especially when confirmed and irrevocable.
Open account
It is an account opened for a particular firm . At a fixed period the firm is automatically paid by the bank. The payer will receive a statement of account.
Bill of exchange (B/E)
It is a document that orders to a bank to pay a certain sum of money on behalf of a person or a company to another person or company. It is a very common means of payment in foreign trade because it is sure and doesn’t need any shipping documents. The importer that it to say the person who buys and so pays, is called the DRAWEE. The exporter, that is to say the person who sells and so receives the money, is called the DRAWER.
Documents against payment (D/P)
The buyer receives the shipping documents when he pays.
Documents against acceptance (D/A)
The buyer receives the shipping documents when he accepts to pay the bill of exchange (B/E) and signs it.
The letter of credit (L/C)
It is a letter from a bank which guarantees that payment will be done on time and for the correct amount. If the buyer cannot pay, the bank has to pay, that’s why L/C (letter of credit) is considered the most secure means of payment for the seller. In the letter of credit there are all the terms of trade: description of the goods, time and place of delivery, the documentation required. The L/C (letter of credit) involves four parties:
1. The importer;
2. The importer’s bank (issuing bank);
3. The exporter;
4. The exporter’s bank (advising bank).
A confirmed irrevocable letter of credit gives the best protection because the buyer cannot cancel it without the exporter’s permission.
The invoice
The commercial invoice is the most important document relating to sale of goods and services in both home and international trade. It is sent by the seller or exporter to the buyer or importer. The commercial invoice includes:
- A name and address of the seller/exporter and buyer/importer;
- A detailed description of goods together which unit price, quantities, terms of payment, transport details, VAT taxation and total amount to be paid.
The invoice can be accompanied by backing list.
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Qué es una cuenta abierta y cómo funciona?
- ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre "Documentos contra pago" y "Documentos contra aceptación"?
- ¿Por qué se considera la carta de crédito (L/C) el medio de pago más seguro para el vendedor?
Una cuenta abierta es una cuenta creada para una empresa específica, donde el banco paga automáticamente a la empresa en un período fijo. El pagador recibe un estado de cuenta.
En "Documentos contra pago" (D/P), el comprador recibe los documentos de envío al pagar. En "Documentos contra aceptación" (D/A), el comprador recibe los documentos al aceptar y firmar la letra de cambio.
La carta de crédito (L/C) es considerada el medio de pago más seguro porque garantiza que el pago se realizará a tiempo y por el monto correcto. Si el comprador no puede pagar, el banco debe hacerlo, proporcionando así seguridad al vendedor.
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