Concetti Chiave
- Language refers to a geo-politically defined code that serves as a common communication medium across various dialects within a nation.
- Dialect is a regional or social language variant, differing from the standard language in vocabulary, grammar, and phonology, often shared within a cultural area.
- Accent involves distinct pronunciation patterns, influenced by social or regional factors, or language acquisition processes.
- Lingua franca is a common language used for communication between people with different native languages, sometimes referred to as koiné.
- Pidgin languages emerge for specific communication needs, like trade, while creoles evolve as native languages with expanded functional use.
Indice
Definizione di lingua
Language: a variety, or code, that is geo-politically defined as belonging to a specific nation and that functions as the common vehicle of communication across heteronymous dialect varieties.
Dialect: a regional and/or a social variety that is shared by a group of speakers in a common language-cultural area that is related but different from the standard language on a lexical, grammatical and phonological level. In the absence of a common standard language, dialect comprises the lexically, grammatically, and phonologically distinct but related code between mostly neighboring groups of speakers (example: the dialects of ancient Greek).
Descrizione dell'accento
Accent: is a social and /or regional distinct way of pronunciation, or it can emerge as a by-product of language acquisition.
Variety: a form of language that is shared by a certain group of speakers which is distinguishably different from other related groups of speakers.
Lingua franca: is the common language used by people of different language background to communicate with each other. Koiné can be a synonym of lingua franca.
Pidgin e contesti di utilizzo
Pidgin: contact language that arises when speakers of different language backgrounds need to communicate with each other for restricted purposes, for instance: trade or slavery (this process is called cross-linguistic negotiation). Often there is a substratum and a superstratum relation between the languages involved.
Creole: like pidgins, creoles develop in contact situations that typically involve more than two languages. In contrast to a pidgin, a creole is the native language of a speech community. When a pidgin extends its functional range, becomes a daily means of communication and is spoken as an l1/l2 by a new generation of speakers pidgin is turned into creole.
Linguicism e disuguaglianze linguistiche
Linguicism (Phillipson 1988, 1997): the ideologies and structures which are used to legitimate, effectuate and reproduce an unequal division of power and resources between groups which are defined on the basis of their language.
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Qué es un dialecto y cómo se diferencia de un idioma estándar?
- ¿Cómo se desarrolla un pidgin y en qué se diferencia de un criollo?
- ¿Qué es el linguicismo y cómo afecta a las comunidades lingüísticas?
Un dialecto es una variedad regional o social compartida por un grupo de hablantes en un área cultural común, que se diferencia del idioma estándar en niveles léxicos, gramaticales y fonológicos.
Un pidgin surge como un lenguaje de contacto cuando hablantes de diferentes antecedentes lingüísticos necesitan comunicarse para propósitos restringidos. Un criollo, en cambio, se desarrolla cuando un pidgin extiende su uso funcional y se convierte en el idioma nativo de una comunidad.
El linguicismo se refiere a las ideologías y estructuras que legitiman y reproducen una división desigual de poder y recursos entre grupos definidos por su idioma, afectando negativamente a las comunidades lingüísticas menos favorecidas.
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