Concetti Chiave
- During Edward VI's reign, religious services switched to English, and the Book of Common Prayer became mandatory, aiding the development of the English language.
- Mary I, known as "Bloody Mary," sought to restore Catholicism in England, marrying Philip II of Spain and causing significant religious conflict.
- James I, the first Stuart King of England, united Scotland, England, and Wales as "Great Britain" and was a proponent of the Divine Right of Kings.
- James I ended hostilities with Spain through a peace treaty, resolving English and Spanish conflicts over territorial claims and maritime disputes.
- The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, led by Guy Fawkes, aimed to assassinate James I by blowing up Parliament, resulting in its annual commemoration as Bonfire Night.
Edward VI
During Edward’s reign, religious services were held in English instead of Latin and the Book of Common Prayer became compulsory with the Act of Uniformity. This helped develop the English language. In 1553 the young king died from consumption. Before dying, he had named his Protestant cousin, Lady Jane Grey, as his successor, but after nine days she was taken prisoner.
Mary I
Mary I, Henry VIII’s first daughter, declared herself queen and wanted to restore Catholicism in England.
James I
James VI, King of Scotland, succeeded Elizabeth, becoming the first Stuart King of England. He had been brought up as a Protestant, he was a learned man who wrote treatises in English and Latin but believed in witchcraft. He believed that, as a monarch, he was the representative of God on earth. He joined Scotland to England and Wales as one kingdom, ‘Great Britain’, he introduced a distinctive .James held a conference at Somerset House to sign a peace treaty with Spain. This put an end to Spanish claims to the English throne on the one hand, and to English attacks on Spanish ships coming back from America on the other. In 1604, at Hampton Court, the king met the representatives of the bishops and the Puritans to try to solve the conflict between them. They agreed about baptism, ordination and the civil role of the Church. James also ordered a new translation of the Bible. The Catholics had been excluded from Hampton Court, so a group of them, led by Guy Fawkes, organised the Gunpowder Plot to blow up Parliament on 1605. The conspiracy was found out and the plotters were executed. This became an annual event as Bonfire Night.
Domande da interrogazione
- Quali cambiamenti religiosi furono introdotti durante il regno di Edward VI?
- Perché Mary I è conosciuta come 'Bloody Mary'?
- Quali furono le azioni significative di James I durante il suo regno?
Durante il regno di Edward VI, i servizi religiosi furono tenuti in inglese anziché in latino e il Book of Common Prayer divenne obbligatorio con l'Act of Uniformity, contribuendo allo sviluppo della lingua inglese.
Mary I è conosciuta come 'Bloody Mary' perché durante la sua Controriforma, restaurò i rituali cattolici e le leggi sull'eresia, portando al rogo circa 300 martiri della Chiesa protestante.
James I unì Scozia, Inghilterra e Galles in un unico regno, 'Gran Bretagna', firmò un trattato di pace con la Spagna, e ordinò una nuova traduzione della Bibbia. Inoltre, il suo regno fu segnato dal complotto della polvere da sparo del 1605, organizzato da un gruppo di cattolici esclusi da Hampton Court.
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