Concetti Chiave
- The period from the late 1600s to early 1700s saw the rise of nation-states, primarily divided into Absolute and Parliamentary States.
- France under Louis XIV exemplified the Absolute State, contrasting with England's parliamentary monarchy.
- The Ancien Regime created societal inequality with a clear stratification: Clergy, Nobility, and Third Estate.
- The nobility faced a crisis, losing political and social power but played a role in glorifying the sovereign.
- Post-mid-1700s, Europe experienced economic growth and transformation due to the industrial revolution and mercantilism, challenged by Physiocrats favoring free trade.
The second half of 1600 and the first decades of the 1700s are characterized by the strengthening of nation-states that in turn are divided into Absolute State and Parliamentary State.
The most common form was that of the state overall and to be the example par excellence was the France of Louis XIV, which was opposed by the model of absolute monarchy (parliamentary) English. The lifestyle adopted in 1600 is the anciene scheme that had as its center the King features a power given to him directly by God.
At the social level the Ancien Regime is intended as a real inequality. In fact there is a stratification of society: Clero- Nobiltà- Third Estate.
On the economic front it required the pursuit of full autonomy by the ruler.
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The formation of the Ancien Regime brought the nobility in a serious and irreversible crisis, only to submit to the will of the king. It not only found himself increasingly indebted but also discredited politically and socially. However, the nobility lost all its functions in fact the court nobility was able to exercise a specified function: that of a social state essential intermediate affirmation and glorification of the sovereign, so defending the social climbing of the Third!
Between 1620 and 1740 Europe is characterized by a serious crisis, especially demographic and agricultural.
Only after the mid-1700s Europe was a major advance: the expansion of the monetary economy, the renewed population growth and the increase of workers. At the end of the century, especially England and France were radically transformed by the industrial revolution, and were characterized by mercantilism, a system of production and circulation of wealth. The main objective of this is, in fact, the enrichment of the state.
To this it is opposed by the physiocrats, because for the Physiocrats the land is the only source of wealth. To boost the development, they consider essential an economic policy based on free trade.
Domande da interrogazione
- Quali erano le caratteristiche principali dello Stato assoluto e dello Stato parlamentare nel periodo tra il 1600 e il 1700?
- Come ha influenzato l'Ancien Regime la struttura sociale e la nobiltà?
- Quali furono le trasformazioni economiche in Europa alla fine del 1700?
Lo Stato assoluto, esemplificato dalla Francia di Luigi XIV, era caratterizzato da un potere monarchico diretto da Dio, mentre lo Stato parlamentare, come il modello inglese, si opponeva a questa forma di monarchia assoluta.
L'Ancien Regime ha portato a una stratificazione sociale con Clero, Nobiltà e Terzo Stato, causando una crisi nella nobiltà che si trovò indebitata e discreditata, ma mantenne un ruolo di affermazione sociale e glorificazione del sovrano.
Alla fine del 1700, l'Europa, in particolare Inghilterra e Francia, fu trasformata dalla rivoluzione industriale e caratterizzata dal mercantilismo, con l'obiettivo di arricchire lo stato, mentre i fisiocratici sostenevano il libero scambio come essenziale per lo sviluppo economico.
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