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Fitness training

Workout

• Allenarsi
• Lead: Guidare, condurre
• Instruct: Istruire
• Motivate: Motivare
• Clients: Clienti
• Plan: Pianificare
• Personalized fitness: Fitness personalizzato
• Instructors: Istruttori
• Session: Sessione
• Evaluate: Valutare
• Certification: Certificazione
• Achieve: Raggiungere, realizzare
• Bend: Piegare
• Raise: Alzare
• Lower: Abbassare
• Injure: Ferire, farsi male

1. Joseph received his certification through the National Academy of Sports Medicine.

2. Stephanie agreed to lead the Pilates class while our regular instructor was ill.

3. The trainer began to instruct Alice on how to use the bench press.

4. Heather develops personalized programs for her clients which fit their particular needs.

5. Trainers evaluate their clients' needs based on age, weight, body mass, and goals.

6. My mother works as an aerobics instructor at the local gym.

7. Physical education is important because it promotes fitness among children.

8. Pia missed her session with her personal trainer due to a work meeting.

The upper body

• Pectorals (pecs): Pettorali
• Shoulder: Spalla
• Trapezius (traps): Trapezio
• Deltoids (delts): Deltoidi
• Biceps: Bicipite
• Forearm: Avambraccio
• Rotator cuff: Cuffia dei rotatori
• Wrist: Polso
• Triceps: Tricipiti
• Latissimus dorsi (lats): Gran Dorsale
• Chest: Petto

1. Trapezius is the big, triangular muscle, running from the center of the back to the neck.

2. Hand is the body part at the end of the arm, responsible for holding and lifting.

3. Pectorals are the big, flat muscles on the front of the chest.

4. Forearm is the lower part of the arm between the elbow and the hand.

5. Latissimus dorsi is the wide, flat muscle on the back, running between the armpit and the spine.

Chest muscles

Pectorals (pecs) are the wide, flat muscles on the front of your chest.

Shoulder muscles

• Deltoids (delts) are the muscles that go around the shoulders.
• The rotator cuff is actually a group of muscles inside the shoulder.

Back muscles

• Trapezius (traps) are shaped like triangles.
• Latissimus dorsi (lats) are wide, flat muscles on the back.

Arm muscles

Both biceps and triceps are above the forearm. Biceps are on the front. Triceps are on the back.

The lower body

• Hip flexors: Flessori dell'anca
• Gluteals (glutes): Glutei
• Quadriceps (quads): Quadricipiti
• Hamstrings: Muscoli posteriori della coscia
• Calves: Polpacci
• Thigh: Coscia
• Shin: Stinco
• Knee: Ginocchio
• Calf: Polpaccio
• Ankle: Caviglia
• Torso: Tronco

1. As people age, their bones and joints such as hips, knees, and ankles can become weaker.

2. The athlete warmed up his thighs because he wanted to protect his hamstring.

3. The woman had not realized that the gluteals were one of the body's strongest muscles.

4. The man bent his knees in order to do a squat.

5. The woman did a series of leg lifts to work her inner thighs.

6. The man wore protective gear on his lower legs to protect his shins.

7. The man rubbed the back of his lower leg because his calf was sore.

8. As the man had injured his hip flexor, he could not lift his knee.

9. After working out, the woman's quadriceps ached so she put ice on her thigh.

10. The woman took a step forward with her foot and then did a series of lunges.

Fitness goals

• Improve: Migliorare
• Increase: Aumentare
• Lose weight: Perdere peso
• Rehabilitate: Riabilitare
• Regain: Riguadagnare
• Appearance: Aspetto esteriore
• Gain: Guadagnare
• Drop: Far cadere
• Overweight: Sovrappeso
• Health: Salute
• Set a goal: Stabilire un obiettivo
• Slim down: Dimagrire
• Get in shape: Mettersi in forma

1. Shannon wants to lose weight before her wedding in June.

2. Lifting weights increases muscle size.

3. Daniel's trainer suggested some exercises to help him rehabilitate his knee.

4. Most people check their appearance when they walk by a mirror.

5. Adding stretching to a workout increases flexibility.

6. Cheryl began to gain weight once she stopped working out.

7. Matt's weight started to drop during his illness.

8. The doctor said a healthy weight for Jane's height is 120 pounds.

9. Eating right and exercising reduces the chance of health problems later on.

10. Alicia's time running a mile improved once she started working with a trainer.

11. Tom regained full use of his shoulder after six months.

Exercise equipment

• Plates: Dischi
• Hand weight: Pesi per la mano
• Spring collar: Chiusura a molla
• Weight pin: Perno di peso
• Stack: Pila
• Weight bench: Panca pesi
• Dumbbell: Manubrio
• Ankle weight: Pesi per la caviglia
• Barbel: Bilanciere
• Weight machine: Macchina per pesi
• Kettlebell: Kettlebell
• Treadmill: Tapis roulant
• Rowing machine: Vogatore
• Medicine ball: Palla medica

1. The woman held hand weights throughout the exercise class.

2. The man adjusted the weight pin on the stack.

3. The woman wore ankle weights when she walked.

4. The trainer used spring collars to stop the plates from moving.

5. There are many weight machines on the market today.

6. The woman added plates to the barbell before lifting it.

7. The trainer demonstrated the correct way to use a barbell.

8. The man sat on the weight bench.

9. The woman lifted the dumbbell.

10. The man swung the kettlebell through the air.

11. The woman used the weight pin to select the amount of weight she wanted to lift.

12. The trainer preferred her clients to use free weights rather than weight machines.

Actions 1

• Jog: Fare jogging
• Walk: Camminare
• Lean: Appoggiare
• Bending: Piegare
• Push: Spingere
• Pull: Tirare
• Jump: Saltare
• Lift: Sollevare
• Reach: Raggiungere
• Twisting: Torcere
• Turn: Girare
• Run: Correre
• Straighten: Raddrizzare
• Pull ups: Trazioni
• Push ups: Flessioni
• Upwards: Verso l'alto
• Downward: Verso il basso
• Towards: Verso qualcosa
• Backwards: Indietro
• Forwards: Avanti

1. Pull ups will work the triceps.

2. Push ups particularly when using weights, can strengthen the chest.

3. Hank pushed the handles of the weight machine forward.

4. Samantha twisted her torso to stretch the muscles.

5. Frank pulled the bars of the rowing machine towards himself.

6. Alison turned to face the yoga class to give instructions.

Actions 2

• Swing: Oscillare
• Hold: Tenere
• Squat: Squat
• Raise: Sollevare
• Stretching: Allungare
• Release: Rilasciare
• Rotate: Ruotare
• Touch: Toccare
• Lunge: Affondo
• Reach: Raggiungere

1. It is important to stretch your muscles before exercising.

2. Henry isn't very flexible so he had trouble touching his toes.

3. Emma lunged forward so that her back knee touched the ground.

4. Lower the weight down slowly so you don't hurt yourself.

5. Cassie released the kettlebell in the air and caught it in her other hand.

6. Rupert held hand weights while he jogged.

7. Be careful not to overextend your arm when you swing the kettlebell.

8. The trainer had Katie squat while holding a medicine ball.

9. Randall raised the barbell over his head.

10. Marty's arms rotated in a circle.

The muscular system

• Tissue: Tessuto
• Tendons: Tendini
• Ligaments: Legamenti
• Voluntary: Volontario
• Involuntary: Involontario
• Twitch: Contrazione
• Attach: Attacato
• Joined: Partecipare
• Take good care of: Prenditi cura di
• Operate: Operare
• Pairs: Paio
• Smooth: Liscio
• Blood vessels: Vasi sanguigni
• Bladder: Vescica
• Brief: Breve
• Tension: Tensione
• Make them act: Farli agire
• Pain: Dolore
• Stiff: Rigido

1. The skeletal system works together with the muscular system to operate the body effectively.