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CONTRACT FORMATION
What is a contract? It is a legally enforceable promise, a legally enforceable agreement. It’s starts from
scratch, the first thing is the promise. When I say I’ll do this, it’s not a contract there must be an exchange
of promises. However, it is not enough there must be an exchange of promises and it must be enforceable,
so I can go to the judge to oblige the other part to fulfill the obligation.
Contracts can be formed in two ways, expressed, from words, and implied, from conduct.
There are also quasi contract, when I do not have a contract but it will be unfair, so an equitable remedy is
the solution that prevents unjust enrichment. The effect is a payment only of the costs and not even the
entire price, its’ called a restitution.
For the formation of the contract are necessary two elements: an offer and acceptance. The offer is a
manifestation of the intention to be bound. Advertisements (pubblicità) are not offers, but there is an
exception when the quantity is established. For example 3 bottles of water for 1 euros.
There is indefiniteness when the terms of a contract are not defined. There are note the terms to create a
contract. A specific rule is the open price term, so I do not decide the price but there is a contract where
the judge decides the reasonable price. It is not the same rule for real property sales where the price must
be determinate. Other specific rules are requirement contracts, it is an open contract. I will pay you for
providing me pizza on a daily basis for the quantity that I need. The only exception is when the quantity I
ask is not regular, it’s exceptional.
TERMINATION OF AN OFFER
Lapse: after a stated time the offer expires or after a reasonable time.
Revocation: at any time before the offer is accepted I can decide to revoke it. It can be direct or indirect
(conduct). There are exceptions to the rule:
1. Option: (opzione) a promise to keep the offer open for a certain amount of time in exchange of a
payment. In NY my option is valid either if you pay for it or if I write it down and then I sign it.