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Adjectives: comparative and superlative forms

These are special forms of adjectives. They are used to compare two or more things. Generally, comparatives are formed using -er and superlatives are formed using -est.

Comparatives

Comparatives are used to compare two things. You can use sentences with than, or you can use a conjunction like but:

  • This dress is shorter than the other.
  • That outfit is pretty, but the red dress is prettier.

Superlatives

Superlatives are used to compare more than two things. Superlative sentences usually use the definite article the, because there is only one superlative.

  • That sweater is the ugliest of the collection.
  • This design is nice, but Sara's is the nicest.

Forming regular comparatives and superlatives

How these forms are created depends on how many syllables there are in the adjective.

Adjective form Comparative Superlative
Only one syllable, ending in E. Add -R: Examples: wider, finer, cuter Add -ST: Examples: widest, finest, cutest
Only one syllable, with one vowel and one consonant at the end. Double the consonant, and add -ER: Examples: hotter, bigger, flatter Double the consonant, and add -EST: Examples: hottest, biggest, flattest
Only one syllable, with more than one vowel or more than one consonant at the end. Add -ER: Examples: lighter, neater, tighter Add -EST: Examples: lightest, neatest, tightest
Two syllables, ending in Y. Change Y to I, then add -ER: Examples: heavier, shinier, uglier Change Y to I, then add -EST: Examples: heaviest, shiniest, ugliest
Two syllables or more, not ending in Y. Use MORE before the adjective: Examples: more modern, more interesting, more beautiful Use MOST before the adjective: Examples: most modern, most interesting, most beautiful

Now try creating comparative and superlative forms with other adjectives.

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