Grammatica inglese, Lingua inglese

Grammatica inglese

Present tenses

Simple present

- Present continues

Past tenses

Simple past

- Past continues - Past perfect - Past perfect continues

Future tenses

- Sono 7

Questions

• How do you usually get to the university?
• What kind of products does the company Alessi manufacture?
• What do cheap imports lead to?
• How does Facebook belong to?
• What time does the canteen close today?
• What is the person sitting behind you doing right now?
• Which exams are you studying for this semester?
• What is happening to the Amazon rainforest?
• Why is the boss always annoyed?
• What are you doing on Saturday?

Present simple – Form

Positive: Subject + base verb

• 3^rd person sing: take, takes
• Go, goes
• Miss, misses
• Watch, watches
• Wish, wishes
• Fix, fixes
• Study, studies

Negative: Subject + do/does + not + verb

Questions: Do/does + subject + verb

Present simple – Use

• ROUTINE ACTIONS: I usually take the train
• PERMANENT SITUATIONS: Alessi manufactures kitchen utensils
• FACTS: Cheap imports lead to greater competition
• STATE VERBS: Facebook belongs to Mark Zuckerberg
• FUTURE: Canteen closes at 3 p.m.
• TIMETABLES/SCHEDULE

Present continues – Form

Positive: Subject + to be + gerund

• Write, writing
• Sit, sitting
• Plan, planning
• Begin, beginning
• Copy, copying

Negative: Subject + to be + not + gerund

Questions: To be + subject + gerund

Present continues – Use

• ACTION IN PROGRESS AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAK: The person sitting behind me is daydreaming
• TEMPORARY ACTIONS: I’m studying for statistics this semester
• CHANGING/DEVELOPING SITUATIONS: The Amazon rainforest is disappearing
• WITH ALWAYS TO TALK ABOUT IRRITATING ACTIONS: Because Tom is always arriving late for meetings
• FUTURE FIXED PLANS + ARRANGEMENTS: I’m going to a book fair on Saturday

Questions

• When did Bill Gates launch Microsoft?
• What did Mary do when her boss told her she was fired?
• What were you doing at 7 p.m. yesterday?
• What was Carlo doing when he heard he got the job?
• What type of work was Carlo doing when he lived in London?
• What were your companions doing while the teacher was explaining the lesson?
• What were you going to do before you chose to study economics?

Past simple – Form

Positive: Subject + bare infinitive + ed

• Try, tried
• Hurry, hurried
• Plan, planned
• Regret, regretted
• Stop, stopped

Negative: Subject + did + not + bare infinitive

Questions: Did + subject + bare infinitive

Time expression

At:

• 6 o’clock
• 6.15 a.m.
• The end of the day
• The Christmas

On:

• 15^th May
• Friday
• Few year’s day

In:

• January
• 1987
• Summer
• 1980s

Past time expression

• Yesterday
• Yesterday morning
• Last night
• Last Monday
• A few days
• The day before yesterday

Past simple – Use

• COMPLETED ACTIONS IN THE PAST (AT A SPECIFIC TIME): Bill Gates launched Microsoft in 1975
• CONSECUTIVE PAST ACTIONS: She stood up angrily and left the office

Past continues – Form

Positive: Subject + was/were + ing form

Negative: Subject + was/were + not + ing form

Questions: Was/were + subject + ing form

Past continues – Use

• ACTION IN PROGRESS AT A SPECIFIC TIME: I was studying
• ACTION IN PROGRESS IN THE PAST, INTERRUPTION BY ANOTHER: When he heard he got the job, Carlo was checking his email
• TEMPORARY ACTION OR SITUATION IN PROGRESS IN THE PAST: When he lived in London, Carlo was working as a tourist guide
• SIMULTANEOUS PAST ACTION: While the teacher was explaining the lesson, some companions were chatting, others were daydreaming
• PLANS NOT CARRIED OUT: Before I chose to study economics, I was going to go abroad

Comparatives

• Which country has a lower cost of living, Ireland or Spain?
• Which country has a bigger population, Aus...