English Pronunciation, consonants

Consonant sounds.

Consonants are classificated on:

place of articulation (bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, alveo-

palatal,palatal, velar, glottal,) where the obstruction occurs.

manner of artiuclation (stop, fricative, affricate- combination of two,

nasal, lateral approximant, retroflex approximant, glide) , kind of

obstruction/ constriction

voiceless

voiced - vibration of vocal cords. Vowel are all voiced.

The sound origins by the airflow coming from our lungs and then through

larynx (vocal cords)

The articulators are the different parts of vocal tract. (palate, lips,

tongue...)

the phoneme /t/ is usually pronounced /d/ in the middle of a word or it can

drop in some words such as "internet" or "interview".

the citation form in a dictionary is the way in how the word is

pronounced.(in isolation), but when we speak, words are not in isolation,

so we talk about connected speech, this produces common

changes(consequent of the speed of speaking or to make sound easier)

connected speech:

ASSIMILATION: a sound is influenced by the neighbour(they become

identical or similar) e.g. "ten past" --> "tempast" = regressive assimilation

right-to-left. n + p/b/m = m , d + p/b/m = b.

ELLISION : when a sound missed up.(omission)

elision often concerns /t/ or /d/ when they are between other consonants.

e.g. looked bad = lukt - baed ---> lukbaed

MORPHEME -S

The pronunciation of this morpheme depends on phonological context.

(progressive assimilation : left-to-right :

if the final sound of the base is voiced, /-s/ is voiced too and viceversa.

Morpheme -s in plural, in third person singular and in possessive.