English for business - appunti

ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS

Susan Martin

Libro: business result advanced

Esame: Cover letter + european cv text and graphic + description in order of our brand identity considering

us as a product

Action verbs for CV

Contact: contattare

ü Exceed: superare

ü Meet: conoscere

ü Present: presentare

ü Rectuit: assumere

ü Train: formare, istruire

ü To be dismissed: essere licenziato – lost a job due to disciplinary problems

ü To be made redundant: essere licenziato – lost a job due to disciplinary problems

ü To be laid off: essere licenziato per problemi aziendali – lost a job due to poor company

ü perfomances

To be on assignment: avere un incarico – making positive career moves

ü To be promoted: essere promossi – making positives career moves

ü To be resting: avere una pausa – currently enjoying having no work

ü To be suspended: venire sospesi - lost a job due to disciplinary problems

ü To be transferred: venire trasferiti – making a geographical change

ü To give in your notice – dare le dimissioni – leaving a job you were unhappy with

ü To join a company: entrare in un’azienda - making positives career moves

ü To quit: mollare il lavoro – leaving a job you were unhappy with

ü Ta take a sabbatical: prendere un period sabbatico - currently enjoying having no work

ü

Supply chain

Raw materials supplier: fornitori di materie prime

ü Component supplier: fornitore di componenti

ü Manufacturer: costruttore, produttore, fabbricante

ü Wholesales: commerciante, grossista

ü Retailer: venditore in negozio, rivenditore, vendita al dettaglio

ü Customer: compratore

ü

Financial supply chain

Goods despatched: prodotti spediti

ü Good delivered: prodotti consegnati

ü Invoice note signed: fattura fermata

ü Invoice note copy returned: ritorno della copia della fattura fermata

ü Delivery confirmed: conferma di consegna

ü Good generated: pacco generato

ü Invoice despatched: fattura spedita

ü

Career and practice

Stand up to: resistere

ü Stand up for: lottare per

ü Hold on to: tenere stretto

ü Stick up for: prendere le difese di qualcuno

ü Cling on to: aggrapparsi, attaccarsi

ü Look out for: fare attenzione

ü Stay ahead of: stare davanti a

ü Come up to: arrivare a

ü Move on to: passare a

ü Get on with: andare d’accordo con qualcuno, continuare a fare qualcosa

ü Keep in with: tenere

ü Stand out from: risaltare, opporsi

ü

Company types

Industry type:

Primary: agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining

ü Secondary: construction, manufacturing

ü Terciary/service: banking, tourism, entertainment

ü

Business type:

Sole trader: when the business is owned by one person who is responsible fro any debts

ü partnership: two or more people own the business, they share profits and losses

ü limited liability (ltd): the company is responsible for any losses, not the owners; the company is

ü private. Shares cannot be sold to the public.

public liability (plc): the company is owned by shareholders who receive dividend and gain or lose

ü money if share prices go up or own

Business model:

b2b: business to business – companies sell to companies

ü b2c: business to consumer – companies sell to individuals

ü c2c: consumers to consumers – individuals sell to individuals

ü b2b2c: third party vendors or consultant sell a company’s product to consumers

ü

Functional structure:

Headquarters: capi, sede centrale del comando

ü research and development: ricerca e sviluppo

ü production: produzione

ü marketing: marketing

ü account and finance: finanza

ü

Business fundamentals glossary:

Beverage: in the food industry means drink

ü Debt /det/: amount of money that I own (the b is always silence)

ü Dividend /dividend/: a share of profits of a company, paid by people who have invested in the

ü company

Equities /equitis/: company shares that can be bought or sold on a market

ü Limited company: a company whose owners are legally responsible fro only limited amount of its

ü debts (società di capitali))

Mining /maining/: process of getting coal or metal from under the ground

ü Proprietorship

ü Public limited company: business structure in which individual and his company are considered a

ü single entity for tax and liability (società di persona)

Retail /riteil/: the sale of goods directly to the public

ü Share /scer/: one of the equal part of a company that you can buy as a way of investing money

ü Third-party: adjective relating to a person or organization involver in legal agreement or cause

ü Utility: essential public service such as gas, water, electricity

ü Bear market - Bearish: when the market goes down

ü Bull market - Bulish: when the mark goes up

ü Bond: document given to someone who invests money in a company or government

ü Bottom /botom/: reach the lowest point

ü Breakeven: point of balance, not loosing money

ü Value investor: who buys stocks they believe the market has undervalued

ü Innovator: someone who invests or being using new ideas, methods, equipment. Innovators can

ü have great idea but not good business goals, if it has also business goals it’s a entrepreneur

Peak: reach the highest point

ü Recession: a period when trade and industry are not successful and tere is a lot of unemployment

ü Staple /steipol/: important product, especially a food

ü Trough /trof/: period when something rises and falls regularly, especially economic activity

ü

Cross cultural experiences

Building relationship: succeed in creating rapport with others

ü Keeping your eyes open: stay alert

ü Processing information: deal with and gain understanding of imput you receive

ü Reading a situation: understand what is going on

ü Taking you time: avoid felling rushed

ü Keeping an open mind: don’t judge people

ü Forming/giving an opinion: make a judgement

ü Managing unknowns: deal successfully with unfamiliar situations

ü Working both ways: have a reciprocal effect

ü Building/enhancing your skills: develop your ability in a certain area

ü Weighting up/evaluating he prod and cons: consider the advantages and disadvantages

ü Giving you an insight: provide you with useful information to help you understand something

ü

Personality adj

Open-minded: aperto alle altre opinion

ü Out of the way: fuori mano, lontano

ü Time consuming: che porta via tempo

ü Tedious: noioso

ü Up and coming: emergente

ü Self assured: sicuro di sè

ü Outspoken: chiaro, netto, esplicito

ü Run of the mill: ordinario, commune

ü Down to earth: semplice, senza pretese

ü Easy going: calmo, rilassato

ü Low key: di basso profile, tenue

ü Unexpected: inaspettato

ü

Fair trade

Amend a contract: modificare un contratto

ü Award a contract: assegnare un contratto

ü Break a contract: rompere, terminare un contratto

ü Cancel a contract: cncellare un contratto

ü Draft a contract: abbozzare un contratto

ü Negotiate a contract: negoziare un contratto

ü Renege a contract: sottrarsi ad un contratto

ü Sign a contract: firmare un contratto

ü

Crimes Bribery: corruzione, persuasion attraverso I soldi

ü Consirancy: cospirazione

ü Corruption: corruzione

ü Embezzlement: appropriazione indebita

ü Fraud: frode

ü Insider trading: attività di mercato illegale

ü Money-laudering: riciclaggio di denaro sporco

ü Nepotism: nepotismo

ü Accountability: responsabilità, obbligo di rispondere di qualcosa – being required to justify on’es

ü actions to a higher autohrity

Regulatory bodies: organizations which investigate irregularities

ü Borderline ethics: paying workets the minimum wage allowed by the law

ü Corporate governance: governance aziendale - practices followed in managing corporation

ü Empowerment: legittimazione, potere – deciding objectives, means and standards for a company

ü Best practive: a process that has been shown to give excellent results

ü

Four Pc: price, promotion, product and placement

Four Cs: customer solution, cost, convenience, communication

Types of marketing:

Undercover marketing: marketing in which customers do not realize they are being marketed to

ü e-marketing: using electronic media like email or sms to promote products

ü direct marketing: promoting products to target customers, through addressed mail

ü product placement: putting products or references to products in media like films or video games

ü viral marketing: marketing that spreads from consumer to consumer, often online

ü advertising: persuading people to buy a product or service by announcing it on tv, radio or other

ü media

materialistic: materialistico

ü motivational: motivazionale

ü explosive: esplosivo

ü aspirational: aspirazionale

ü consumer profile: profile del consumatore

ü status anxiety: stato di ansietà

ü usp: unic selling preposition

ü market penetration: penetrazione del mercato

ü

Persuasion:

reinforcing the message: adding more information

ü acknowledging different points of view: dealing with counter-arguments

ü establishing the need for a change: saying why change is necessary

ü asking for commitment: making your beliefs absolutely clear

ü building the argument: getting people on board

ü

Progress:

get back on track: find the path to success again

ü think outside the box: come up with creative ideas

ü fall by the wayside: fail to make it

ü stay ahead of the game: keep in front of the competition

ü come to fruition: be realized

ü get off the ground: be start

ü

Culture knowledge /cultural awareness: it’s important to know the culture of a country to give a better

understanding, to make the client feel comfortable

How company culture is influenced from the culture knowledge

Different country culture changes the approach between companies and costumers, the kind of approach

Each organization has its own culture and way of doing things. Notice how people act, dress, and treat each

other is important. It’s important also to look for non-verbal messages. Read a situation will improve the

ability to have a successful meeting.

Concept of time is different: communication can be slower and logistics m