Appunti di Advanced microscopic techniques and nanotechnology

Programma Advanced optical microscopy Introduction on the resolution of optical microscopes Effects of the finite resolution on images Introduction to confocal microscopy Optical processes and techniques that can overcome the resolution limit, such as: non linear microscopy, STED,TIRF,PALM, SNOM. Nanotchnology introduction to nanotechnology Nanoparticles:quantum dots, nanomag, metallic nanoparticles. General concepts, stability and bioconiugation. Optical tweezers for micro-manipulation Microfluidics: miniaturization of lab apparatus (Lab-on-a-chip technologies), microfluidic technologies based on flux and droplets. Diffusion and mixing. Notable examples of micro-mechanicals applications. Atomic force microscopy Later-free optical Biosensors for the detection of not marked molecules and interactions between not marked molecules. Introduction to SPR based techniques and to methods that use guided light. Quantitative analysis of images Introduction to the fundamentals of computer graphics aimed to the comprehension of the informations contained in images with examples taken from microscopy, gel electrophoresis and medical diagnostic. Colorimetry: color spectrum, Gamut, chromatic coordinates, gamma value of displays, RGB, CMYK. Digital image types: (es. BMP,TIF,GIF,JPG) Lossy and lossless compression Images stacks over space (3D stacks) and time (movies). Movie file types. Volumes and surface renderings. Tomography. Introduction to ImageJ software as a tool to: - extract quantitative information from an image (measurement of bands on a gel electrophoresis image, particle counting, border detection) - Punctual, local and global filtering - False color images applied to multi-fluorescence detection. - Stack visualization and reslicing - Timelapse and measurements on images over time