Concetti Chiave
- William Wordsworth emphasizes the use of everyday language and situations in poetry, with a focus on emotions and the connection between man and nature.
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge introduces the concept of imagination, distinguishing between primary perception and the creative secondary imagination, with themes of the supernatural and human will.
- George Gordon Byron creates the Byronic hero, characterized by individualism and mystery, while combining classical forms with Romantic elements.
- Percy Bysshe Shelley promotes themes of social and political freedom, with poetry serving as a transformative force, reflecting the poet's mood through nature.
- John Keats explores the tension between idealism and reality, with a focus on beauty, art's consolation, and the concept of negative capability.
William Wordsworth
Preface to Lyrical Ballads: The Manifesto of English Romanticism
-everyday situations as the subject of poetry
-use of the language of common people purified by the poet
-poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
-poetry has its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity
-the poet is a man speaking to men but he has a greater sensibility
Themes
-the relationship between man and nature, they are one entity
-pantheistic view of nature
-nature as guide and consolation
-importance of childhood and memory
-importance of the senses, in particular sight and hearing
-the poet moves from the perception of nature to develop a philosophical reflection
-didactic role of poetry
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Theory of imagination
-primary imagination: power of perception
-secondary imagination: recreates or creates new worlds (the poet has it)
-fancy: a mode of memory
Themes
-suspension of disbelief: the supernatural made real
-pantheistic nature
-the crisis of the human will (The Rime)
-the exotic (Kubla Khan)
-didactic role of poetry
George Gordon Byron
The Byronic hero (Child Harold, Manfred)
-proud individualism
-rejection of the conventional rules of society
-wild in manners
-restless and mysterious
Classical and Romantic
-use of irony and satire (Don Juan)
-use of classical forms (Spensieran stanza, ottava rima)
-sublime nature
-nature as the reflection of poet's feelings and mood
-theme of the journey and exile
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Themes
-refusal of social and political conventions (England in 1819)
-faith in a better future
-principles of freedom and love (To a Skylark)
-poetic imagination as revolutionary creativity meant to change reality
-poetry redeems from decay
-pantheistic nature as the reflection of poet's moood
John Keats
Themes
-the clash between the ideal and the real
-the classical world as a source of inspiration (Greece, The Middle Ages)
-the cult of beauty as a way to truth
-the relationship between life, time/eternity, art
-art as consolation
-the poet has the power of negative capability
-importance given to all the senses
Historical novel
-combination of fictional and historical events
-scottish history
-concept of social history
-regret for the past values of heroism and loyalty
-importance of description
-use of omniscient narrator
The tales
-great influence on the detective story (tales of Detection)
-importance of the deductive method
-gothic elements from outside and inside the self (tales of Imagination)
-theme of cruelty, perverseness and madness
-fusion of beauty and death, creation and destruction
-theme of the double
-first person narrator
The poems
-Coleridge's influence
-themes of loss, decadence and supernatural
-extensive use of symbols
-poet's aim: to create an emotional effect on the reader
Jane Austen
Novel of Manners
-master of irony
-characters belonging mainly to the country gentry
-no interest in contemporary historical events
-classical themes of decorum,, propriety, marriage
-relationship between character's desires and social conventions (Sense and Sensibility)
-importance of psychological insight: round characters (Darcy, Elizabeth, Elinor, Marianne)
-long passages of dialogue without the mediation of the narrator
-omniscient, unobtrusive narrator.
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Cuál es el papel del poeta según William Wordsworth en el Romanticismo inglés?
- ¿Cómo describe Samuel Taylor Coleridge la imaginación en su teoría?
- ¿Qué caracteriza al héroe Byronic según George Gordon Byron?
- ¿Qué temas aborda Jane Austen en sus novelas de costumbres?
Según Wordsworth, el poeta es un hombre que habla a los hombres, pero con una mayor sensibilidad. La poesía es el desbordamiento espontáneo de sentimientos poderosos y se origina de emociones recordadas en tranquilidad.
Coleridge distingue entre la imaginación primaria, que es el poder de percepción, y la secundaria, que recrea o crea nuevos mundos, siendo esta última una facultad del poeta. También menciona la "fancy" como un modo de memoria.
El héroe Byronic se caracteriza por su individualismo orgulloso, rechazo de las normas convencionales de la sociedad, comportamiento salvaje, y ser inquieto y misterioso.
Austen se centra en temas clásicos de decoro, propiedad y matrimonio, explorando la relación entre los deseos de los personajes y las convenciones sociales, con un enfoque en la perspicacia psicológica y el uso de un narrador omnisciente y discreto.
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