Safety First, tesina

Istituto di istruzione “Martino Martini”

Tecnico tecnologico

Indirizzo trasporti e logistica

“Safety First”

Candidato: Nicolas Cattani

Classe: V TL sez. A

Anno scolastico: 2014/2015

Indice

Motivazioni .................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Inglese

Difference between safety & security ..................................................................................................................... 4

Safety Regulations and Legislation ................................................................................................................................... 4

Injuries in the warehousing industry ................................................................................................................................ 5

IMO: International Maritime Organization........................................................................................................................ 5

Logistica

Sicurezza all’interno dell’azienda .......................................................................................................................... 6

Sicurezza, prevenzione ed ergonomia .............................................................................................................................. 6

Gestione aziendale della sicurezza ................................................................................................................................... 7

Dispositivi di protezione individuale (DPI) ........................................................................................................................ 8

Obblighi del datore di lavoro ............................................................................................................................................ 8

Obblighi dei lavoratori ...................................................................................................................................................... 8

Uso di attrezzature munite di videoterminali ................................................................................................................... 9

Dichiarazione CE di conformità ......................................................................................................................................... 9

Come ottenere il marchio CE .......................................................................................................................................... 10

Differenza “CE” e “C E” ................................................................................................................................................... 11

Il rischio incendio ............................................................................................................................................................ 11

Principali passaggi per effettuare la valutazione del rischio incendio ............................................................................ 11

Elementi che determinano una reazione esotermica ..................................................................................................... 12

Il rischio elettrico ............................................................................................................................................................ 12

Colori distintivi delle prese e delle spine ........................................................................................................................ 12

Segnaletica antinfortunistica .......................................................................................................................................... 12

Ma dove si nasconde il pericolo? .................................................................................................................................... 14

Danni alle persone, ferito in azienda .............................................................................................................................. 14

Scienze della navigazione e struttura mezzi di trasporto

Sicurezza nei trasporti ............................................................................................................................................. 15

Cronotachigrafo digitale e scheda personale ................................................................................................................. 15

Ore di guida e riposo obbligatorie .................................................................................................................................. 15

Perché mettere in sicurezza il carico? ............................................................................................................................. 16

L’obbligo della messa in sicurezza .................................................................................................................................. 16

1

Chi deve eseguire la messa in sicurezza? ........................................................................................................................ 17

Masse e forze .................................................................................................................................................................. 17

Come deve essere la messa in sicurezza? ....................................................................................................................... 17

Il trasporto ADR ............................................................................................................................................................... 18

Normativa internazionale e nazionale riguardante il trasporto in mare di merci pericolose ........................................ 18

Tabella delle classi pericolose ......................................................................................................................................... 18

Numero Kemler e Numero ONU ..................................................................................................................................... 19

Collocazione dei cartelli sui mezzi di trasporto ............................................................................................................... 20

Il veicolo giusto ............................................................................................................................................................... 20

Italiano

Zola: situazione lavorativa fine ‘800 .................................................................................................................... 21

Nuove tendenze del romanzo in Europa ........................................................................................................................ 21

La nascita e i caratteri del Naturalismo .......................................................................................................................... 21

Lo scrittore-scienziato ..................................................................................................................................................... 22

I fratelli de Goncourt ....................................................................................................................................................... 22

Émile Zola ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22

L'Assommoir .................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Estratto – Gervaise e l’acquavite .................................................................................................................................... 23

Germinale ........................................................................................................................................................................ 24

Le condizioni di vita degli operai nella seconda metà del 1800 ..................................................................................... 25

Sitografia e bibliografia .......................................................................................................................................... 27

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Motivazioni

Ho scelto di parlare della sicurezza nelle aziende, come nei trasporti perché il capitolo studiato di logistica durante l’anno mi ha incuriosito molto e spinto a fare un approfondimento ed è anche un argomento di cui spesso si parla e che non si deve sottovalutare nella vita lavorativa di tutti i giorni.

Inoltre è un tema che mi riguarda personalmente in quanto la maggior parte dei miei famigliari lavora in ambito aziendale e del trasporto merci, e quindi sono quotidianamente a stretto contatto con i rischi derivanti.

In aggiunta, in un futuro non molto prossimo vorrei avere la possibilità di lavorare in questo settore dopo aver frequentato i corsi necessari. 3

Difference between safety & security

Security:

Safety: Protection from risk, the activities involved in

Freedom from danger or risk of injury, the protecting vulnerable and valuable assets, such as

state of being safe and protected. person, dwelling, community, nation or organization.

Safety regulations and legislation

In the field of transport and logistics, like in all areas of work, safety is a fundamental consideration. Today in all workplaces there are guidelines to follow in order to avoid accidents, which explain what risks exist at work, their potential danger, and how to avoid them. Employers are obliged to inform their workers from European Legislation:

1. Employers' Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969: this act requires employers to take out insurance against accidents and ill health to their employees.
2. Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981: they cover requirements for first aid.
3. The Health and Safety Information for Employees Regulations 1989: they require employers to display a poster telling employees what they need to know about health and safety.
4. Workplace Regulations 1992: they cover a wide range of basic health and safety issues such as ventilation, heating, lighting, workstation, seating and facilities.
5. Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992: they require employers to provide appropriate protective clothing and equipment for their employees.
6. Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR): they require employers to notify certain occupational injuries, diseases and dangerous events.
7. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998: they require that equipment provide for use at work, including machinery, is safe.
8. Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999: they require employers to carry out risk assessments and arrange for appropriate information and training.
9. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH): they require employers to assess the risks from hazardous substances and take appropriate precautions.

4

Injuries in the warehousing industry

Most people do not know that the fatal injury rate for the warehousing industry is higher than the average rate for industries in general. This may seem surprising but moving goods and materials can be a dangerous job!

Warehouse operations can present a wide variety of potential hazards for the worker, including unsafe use of forklift trucks, improper handling of materials, ergonomic hazards and slipping, tripping and falling. To prevent accidents, it is fundamental that employers provide employees with effective information and training on potential hazards in their work area. This may be done in the form of training courses, manuals and signs and posters in the work place.

Many warehouse activities also require the use of safety equipment, which must also be provided by the employer. These may include safety helmets, respiratory protection, masks and special overalls.

Electrical systems are particularly sensitive and should always come with instruction for use, warnings and emergency procedures. In case of emergency, it is especially important that exits are clear and accessible and clearly marked, and that fire extinguishers are available and in good working order.

IMO: International Maritime Organization

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the United Nations' specialised agency with responsibility for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine pollution by ships. Shipping is perhaps the most international of all the world's great industries and one of the most dangerous.

The best way of improving safety at sea is by developing international regulations that are followed by all shipping nations.

IMO has developed and adopted international regulations and global standards for seafarers, as well as international conventions and codes relating to search and rescue the facilitation of international maritime traffic, the carriage of dangerous goods, tonnage measurement, fire protection, construction standards for new ships and security against piracy. 5

Sicurezza all’interno dell’azienda

La Carta europea dei diritti fondamentali dichiara: “ogni lavoratore ha diritto a condizioni di lavoro che rispettino la sua salute, la sua sicurezza e la sua dignità”.

Questo ha portato l’Italia a creare un regolamento per la sicurezza che consiste nel DLgs 626/1994 rivisto poi con il D.Lgs 81/2008, formato da 306 articoli e 51 allegati.

L’azienda è obbligata a valutare e informare del pericolo, per questo è nato il servizio di prevenzione e protezione (SPP) che ha il compito di:

• Individuare, analizzare e valutare i fattori di rischio;
• Elaborare le misure preventive e le procedure di sicurezza;
• Attuare i sistemi di controllo di tali misure;
• Proporre programmi di formazione e informazione dei lavoratori;
• Partecipare alle consultazioni in materia di tutela della salute e sicurezza;
• Fornire ai lavoratori tutte le informazioni necessarie.

Tale servizio ha a capo un responsabile denominato RSPP e collabora con gli ASPP e l’RLS.

Sicurezza, prevenzione ed ergonomia

Sicurezza: messa in pratica di norme antinfortunistiche, di precauzioni e accorgimenti.

Prevenzione: complesso delle disposizioni adottate o previste in tutte le fasi dell’attività lavorativa per evitare rischi professionali.

Ergonomia: linee guida e principi, identificabili nelle norme UNI EN 614/1997, da applicarsi nella progettazione dei sistemi di lavoro per ottenere funzioni di lavoro ottimali.

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Sicurezza preventiva:

Progetto ergonomico; rispetto delle norme nella costruzione Sicurezza passiva:

Sicurezza attiva: Dispositivi, mezzi e misure che

Dispositivi, mezzi e misure di agiscono dopo il verificarsi

prevenzione che impediscono dell’evento dannoso

l’evento dannoso

Gestione aziendale della sicurezza

Datore di lavoro