Telecomunicazioni - concetti

mλ = ⋅= 8c 3 10v c s!

" "#$% & ' (! " # b≈B 10 s )*** +), --! " "& ' ' (! $ % & ' '' . b km. s/ . 0123 4 ( 2**b≈B 1003 1)5 . 01)6 )*#4s( ' ' ''7 1-* 8 dB µ→1mW 10 W209* 8km 1km): -7 % ;"$ ( % < ; " $0 =) / > >λ∆ < 0. 1nm7 32 %? @): -- @ '@ % ;"$ ()A λ µ• = 0 .8 m• !B # % > CD• $B ;• 1)*+ Mb• =B 45 sdB• 20 km7A λ µ• = 1 .3 m E >• !B # % 0 # ( % & D• $B # # # %• 1F*+ Gb• =B 1. 7 sdB• 0.2 km 22A λ µ• = 1 . 55 m• !B # % # ( % D• $B # # # %• 1-*6 9 *+ Gb• = ÷B 2. 5 10 s)A 0 , *>7A ,9>2A .?A >FA > > = 7B: ! ) % ( " @ & %) %7 3 B ( @ G @ 3 B* +0 H = = Gb=B 2. 5): : ) 17)***+s): : - ',): : F > ? ?7 I;% > I5 &1F9 F: + )22 "@ & % Gb Gb5 20 8): : : !%! s s !B$B >7*** 1)-, **+- . / 0 1:: % 0 B BD '% @ 3 ( ' % @ 3 B ( %@ λD ? > 27 >Gb Tb= ⋅ ⋅ =B 10 4 10 32 1.28=s s7**7 % > ; & > ; >) 2 ,/ 1 ) 1D > ! + > ; > 4 5 J Tb5. 12D , -? = sGbλ =B 40% )-* * 7 7F#4 =sTb Gb=10 B 100s s 3/ 7**)C7**7 7**) 0 /7**7 )**K 9K% ! 7**? ! % 40Tb• 5. 12= s• ; & . "$ ! ' 4 '3 " >• @ % ! % /'3 =• $ !"BC B I;.' kb64. sTb5. 12. s ⋅ 125. 12 10 ≅ ⋅ 78 10L M ⋅ 364 10Mb− 100MHz4 5. s⋅ 125 . 12 10 ≅ ⋅ 45 10L M ⋅2 610 10 4) 3 14I ? • ( / )• 3 ( / 7; = ÷ >n nn 1, 48 1,5 1 21 = ÷1, 44 1, 46n ; ' & ; ' 72• $• $( 5 )1 6%2 ( ϑ ϑ=n sin n sin) i r1 2ϑ ϑ=7 r i% (n n n nϑϑ ϑ ϑ ϑ= °>= > = =901 1 1 2n nsin sin 1 sin 1 sin1 2r i c c cn n n n2 2 2 1 5# ϕ ϕ> c 2π nϑ ϑ ϕ ϕ ϕ= = − = = − = − = −max 2 2 22n sin n sin n sin n cos n 1 sin n 1 n n1 1 1 1 1 1 2air i r c2 n1ϑ = −max 2 2sinn n n1 2air i −n n − = − + ≅ − = ∆∆ = 2 2 21 2 n n ( n n )( n n ) 2 n ( n n ) 2 n; 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1n1ϑ = − = ∆ =max 2 2sin 2n n n n NA1 2 1air i = ∆NA n 2% % %>1 = ÷0 .1 0 . 5NA' − −= n n 1 . 48 1 . 46n 1, 48 = ∆ = ⋅ = ∆ = = =1 2NA n 2 1.48 2 0.013 0.24 0 .0131 1= 1 . 48n1, 46n 12ϑ = ° ϑ −= = °13 max 1sin NA 14i i ϑ °maxsin sin 14ϕϑ ϕ − −= = == 1 1max icos cos 80 . 6n sin n cos cair i 1 c n 1 . 481ϑ °sin sin 13ϕϑ ϕ − −== == 1 1icos cos 81.25n sin n cosair i 1 n 1.481 6+ 10" ϕ/ µ=2 a 10 m& µ=2 a 50 m& Hπ 2 2 2a NA4=M λ 22 1=B Tb0 >TH 8 Eb@ ;0"$; ' " ! "$3 '@ % " Ln nL ϕ= = = 2t 1 sin1 cv c n1nl L L= = =1t l2 ϕ ϕv c sin sinc c; − −2n L n L n n L n n n1 L n n∆ = − = − = − = = ∆ ∆ =1 1 1 1 1 2 11 1T t t 1 22 1 ϕ 2sinc c n c n n c n2 2c 2 2∆T @L M 1∆ > = ∆T <T T T B 1" b b B2n nL c∆ = ∆ < <1 2B T B 1 BL ∆2n c n2 1 ⋅n c bm Mb km' < = ⋅ =82BL 4 10 0 .4=n 1. 5 ∆2n s s1 1=n 1 ⋅Mb km2 <∆ < BL 1000 .01 N %s 70 @ ;0"$; ' " ! "$3 '@ % "I ∆T0 = > >#$% @ "@ @ "O; B # B) 3 1 1 . 2( )− ∆n 1 ≥r a1 α=n r( ) r− ∆n 11 <r aaα = 2; α → ∞; B ∆∆ 2nT 8cα = == − ∆ 1 BL2 (1 ); ∆28L c n1' H 0'&@ % ! % /'3#$ " ; ! dB500'& km 8) 3 + +B ω π2ω∇ + =2 2 2E n ( ) k E 0 = =k0 λ0 cωn ( )3 ; ω π2 n= = =k nk 0λv∂ ∂ ∂ ∂2 2 21 1+ + + + =2 2E E E E n k E 0z z z z 0 zρ ρ ρ ρ φ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂2 2 2z ρ =≤ n na 1' ρ > =a n n 2 (