Concetti Chiave
- Language is defined as a geo-politically recognized code that serves as a common communication vehicle across dialects within a nation.
- An accent is a distinct pronunciation style that can be socially or regionally influenced, often arising during language acquisition.
- A pidgin is a simplified contact language for communication between speakers of different native languages, typically used for specific interactions like trade.
- Creoles evolve from pidgins when they expand in function and become the native language of a community, spoken by new generations.
- Linguicism refers to ideologies and structures that perpetuate power imbalances between groups based on language differences.
Definition of language
Language: a variety, or code, that is geo-politically defined as belonging to a specific nation and that functions as the common vehicle of communication across heteronymous dialect varieties.
Dialect: a regional and/or a social variety that is shared by a group of speakers in a common language-cultural area that is related but different from the standard language on a lexical, grammatical and phonological level. In the absence of a common standard language, dialect comprises the lexically, grammatically, and phonologically distinct but related code between mostly neighboring groups of speakers (example: the dialects of ancient Greek).
Description of accent
Accent: is a social and /or regional distinct way of pronunciation, or it can emerge as a by-product of language acquisition.
Variety: a form of language that is shared by a certain group of speakers which is distinguishably different from other related groups of speakers.
Lingua franca: is the common language used by people of different language background to communicate with each other. Koiné can be a synonym of lingua franca.
Pidgin and contexts of use
Pidgin: contact language that arises when speakers of different language backgrounds need to communicate with each other for restricted purposes, for instance: trade or slavery (this process is called cross-linguistic negotiation). Often there is a substratum and a superstratum relation between the languages involved.
Creole: like pidgins, creoles develop in contact situations that typically involve more than two languages. In contrast to a pidgin, a creole is the native language of a speech community. When a pidgin extends its functional range, becomes a daily means of communication and is spoken as an l1/l2 by a new generation of speakers pidgin is turned into creole.
Linguicism and linguistic inequalities
Linguicism (Phillipson 1988, 1997): the ideologies and structures which are used to legitimate, effectuate and reproduce an unequal division of power and resources between groups which are defined on the basis of their language.
Domande da interrogazione
- What is the difference between a language and a dialect according to the text?
- How does the text describe the emergence and function of a pidgin language?
- What is linguicism, and how does it relate to linguistic inequalities?
The text defines a language as a geo-politically defined code belonging to a specific nation, serving as a common communication vehicle across dialects. A dialect, however, is a regional or social variety shared by a group within a language-cultural area, differing from the standard language in lexical, grammatical, and phonological aspects.
A pidgin is described as a contact language that arises when speakers of different language backgrounds need to communicate for restricted purposes, such as trade or slavery. It involves cross-linguistic negotiation and often features a substratum and superstratum relationship between the languages involved.
Linguicism, as defined in the text, refers to the ideologies and structures that legitimize, effectuate, and reproduce unequal power and resource distribution among groups defined by language. It highlights the systemic inequalities perpetuated through language-based discrimination.
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