Presentazione semaforo

Smart traffic lighting system

By Gabriel Gangemi

22/03/2024

Logo

Electronics and Telecommunications Building, 35017 Tafira Baja, Las Palmas, 35017

Abstract

The rapid growth of number of vehicles especially across various parts of the world has made traffic challenges such as congestion and longer delays which make drivers to wait for the green light at intersections very common. The fixed timing intervals of the current traffic signal system, which creates non-varying intervals, cannot handle the traffic congestion in a persistent timetable.

This report proposes that sensors, emerging technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) will respond to the actual flow of vehicles and thus will adaptively manage the signals timing in other areas. Not to overlook another quality which is given priority to emergency vehicles that in case an emergency like ambulances and fire engines does not get delayed when their response is urgently needed ensures speedy response in critical circumstances.

Introduction

Traffic congestion is growing tremendously, because of the industry expansions and population growth, which are considered to be two major factors that influence transportation systems all around the globe. The content of this matter pointed out the use of automation and intelligent control systems on road sides and vehicles accordingly. The ultimate objective of this project is to alleviate traffic congestion, cutting the rushing hours in the city, by applying a digital system and sensor based information for intelligent traffic control, while traffic signal optimization and congestion reduction is achieved.

Method

The system uses IR sensors to identify vehicle presence and tracks the intensity of the vehicles over each road, by sensing thermal radiation emitted by objects in the infrared spectrum. By utilizing IR LEDs to emit infrared waves and detecting their reflection from objects, including emergency vehicles.

It focuses on the busiest areas, thereby giving them priority. The controlling system with microcontrollers, based on AT89c51 microcontroller, utilizes data acquired to adjust the timing accordingly to the variations in the traffic flow. Therefore, it would be able to resolve all the issues such as long traffic waits, time wasting, fuel wastage and the priority clearance of emergency vehicles. Thus, this would bring about more efficient traffic management.

The Relay Driver ULN 2003 serves as a crucial component, acting as both level shifters and current amplifiers. Its output is connected to the Red, Green, and Orange LEDs at each junction, allowing for efficient control of traffic signals.

Both blocks are connected to a Microcontroller using physical wires. The Microcontroller is the traffic li