Concetti Chiave
- During the civil wars, the royalists supported the king and the church, while the parliamentarians backed the parliament and were mainly puritans.
- The royalists, known as cavaliers, consisted of gentry, nobility, and clergy, whereas the parliamentarians, called roundheads, attracted merchants and the middle class.
- The war ended after 7 years with the parliamentarians' victory, leading to the execution of the king in 1649 and the exile of his son.
- The resulting republic, named the "commonwealth," abolished the monarchy and house of lords, leaving governance to the house of commons.
- Oliver Cromwell became lord protector after dismissing the rump parliament in 1653, but his son Richard lacked his father's support and resigned in 1659.
During the civil wars there were 2 parties: the royalists (supporters of the king, church of England and catholic nobility) and the parliamentarians (supporters of the parliament, mainly puritans).
The royalists were called cavaliers and were mostly gentry, nobility andclergy.
Parliamentarians were called roundhead because they cut their hair very short. Merchants and middle classes sided with them.
The war lasted 7 years, until Cromwell's formation of a special body, the Ironsides (a cavalry regiment).
Once the parliamentarians had won the war, they executed the king after anunjust trial in 1649 and exiled his son.
After his death, the monarchy and the house of lords were abolished and the country was ruled as a republic, known as "commonwealth".
The country was now governed by the house of commons, which means there was a parliament made up of only one chamber (called the rump*).
In 1659 Cromwell died and, according to his will, his son Richard took his place. But he wasn't as strong as his father and wasn't supported by the army, so he was forced to resign.
* the small or unimportant part of a group or an organization that remains when most of its members have left.
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