Concetti Chiave
- During the Victorian era, England experienced reduced political conflict and significant democratic progress, making it a leading country in reforms.
- The Home Rule movement sought Irish autonomy with its own parliament, facing opposition from Irish Protestants and eventually leading to the Irish Free State in 1921.
- Constitutional reforms included abolishing special labor laws, enabling strikes, and extending voting rights to agricultural workers, initiating "municipal socialism."
- Tax reforms introduced progressive income and inheritance taxes, shifting the financial burden to the upper classes and altering the power balance in Parliament.
- The Labour Party was established to enhance labor representation in Parliament, leading to expanded social legislation and insurance reforms.
Reforms and measures in the second half of the nineteenth century England, during the Victorian era
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Tell
The England of the second half of
The England of the second half of the nineteenth century, which coincides with the Victorian age, is characterized by a lower degree of conflict between the different political forces and for a series of democratic achievements that make the country the forefront.
There are three themes fono:• The problem of Ireland
• The constitutional restructuring
• Reforms to the benefit of workers
1) With regard to Ireland, in 1873 was founded a movement for independence attainment -Home Rule-whose program envisages that Ireland will become precisely autonomous province, with its own parliament, but Irish Protestants, worried about being pre-loaded by the Catholic majority, they show against. This project is intended to stay in the long unfulfilled, becoming less and less popular in England because of the perpetual violence of extremists Irish implementing a series of terrorist attacks.
In 1912 it was approved the Home Rule, despite opposition from conservatives and Protestants who ask to come off Catholic Ireland, however, disappointing that the Irish now aim to be completely independent. Only in 1921, after the car failed government, the counties of the island, with the exception of the northern ones that remain part of the UK with a government and an autonomous parliament, will be the state of the Irish Free, recognized as British rule.
2) The issue of restructuring the constitutional and social reforms that are connected and influence each other. This program consists of:
- Abolition of special legislation work
- Capacity of the strike and picketing
- New electoral law: the right to vote is granted to workers of agriculture, expanding the electorate → start of "municipal socialism" that allows to realize the collective management of public services and to create welfare institutions.
- Tax reform: introduction of the progressive income tax and inheritance tax. Thus the greatest tax burden now lies on the upper classes. The law was passed by the House of Commons. Superre for the opposition of the House of Lords you resort to a procedural reform for which he became executive every bill that, for the second time rejected by the upper house, is approved for two consecutive times from that of common → the center of power moves from the landed gentry to industrial groups, financial, commercial
- The establishment of a committee of labor representation in Parliament-Labour party → expansion of social legislation and social insurance vary port.
Domande da interrogazione
- Qual era il principale obiettivo del movimento Home Rule in Irlanda nel 1873?
- Quali furono le principali riforme costituzionali e sociali in Inghilterra durante la seconda metà del XIX secolo?
- Come influenzò la riforma fiscale la distribuzione del carico fiscale in Inghilterra?
- Quale fu l'impatto della creazione del Labour Party sulla legislazione sociale in Inghilterra?
Il movimento Home Rule mirava a rendere l'Irlanda una provincia autonoma con un proprio parlamento, ma incontrò resistenza dai protestanti irlandesi preoccupati di essere sopraffatti dalla maggioranza cattolica.
Le riforme includevano l'abolizione della legislazione speciale sul lavoro, il diritto di sciopero, una nuova legge elettorale che estendeva il voto ai lavoratori agricoli, e una riforma fiscale con l'introduzione di imposte progressive sul reddito e sulle eredità.
La riforma fiscale spostò il carico fiscale maggiore sulle classi superiori attraverso l'introduzione di imposte progressive sul reddito e sulle eredità, riducendo così il peso fiscale sulle classi lavoratrici.
La creazione del Labour Party portò all'espansione della legislazione sociale e delle assicurazioni sociali, rappresentando meglio gli interessi dei lavoratori in Parlamento.
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