Portfolio Project: Analysis of different text types

The lyrics are very short but full of examples of lexical cohesion, for

example the couple of antonyms «old.. new » or lots of the direct

repetitions of many words that help the writer of the song as

rythm elements. Examples of grammatical cohesion are the

pronoun « it » that is an anaphoric reference linked to different

nouns or the ellipsis in the second sentence of most verses where

interjection

the main sentences in substituted by the « ah ».

The structure of the lyrics is very simple: each sentence is divided

in two and composed of maximum two verbs.

The vocabulary is carefully chosen and in fact verbs are all related

to the semantic field of « feelings » while all nouns describe

elements of nature.

Text C - Advertisement

Text C is an old advertisement of a famous brand of soap and

cosmetic products. It is addressed to consumers and it is useful to

attractive

sell more product. In order to do that it has to be very and

in fact this advertisement starts with a big question that is useful to

catch the attention of the viewer.

In the centre the text is divided in two parts where the writer

explains the « problem » and shows the « solution » that would

be the product itself. At the end, the ingredients of the soap are

repeated because they are the most important features of this

product.

The most frequent elements of cohesion are the anaphoric

references of pronouns such as « it » or « its » and some direct

repetitions of the main ingredients of the soap like « palm » ,

« olive » and « oil ».

Declaratives senteces are used describing the features of the soap

while imperatives ones for suggestions. Furthermore, there is a

question at the top.

There are lots of words related to the semantic field of

typical expressions of an advertisement

« cosmetics » and some of

that help to persuade the buyers such as « perfect blend » or

« magical properties ».

The layout is a very important thing in advertisements and in fact

some words are written bigger than others in order to show the

name of the product and why it should be bought.

Text D – Comics

Text D is a comics and it’s a perfect example of how words and

images can be linked together to create meaning.

There are many elements of cohesion like the underlined pronouns

« you » or « that ». all types of sentences

In this extract of the cartoon there are

(statements, questions and commands) but they generally are

short and simple.

The athmosphere is informal and that’s underlined by the

expression « you two are gross ». Furhermore, the characters are

sick and this is expressed through lots of onomatopoeic sounds

like « sniff », « cough » or « a-choo ».

The layout is organised in order to allow the reading in sequence of

the dialogues and some key-words are usually underlined.

Text E - Statement

On behalf of the American people, Melania and I

send our warm greetings to Muslims as they

celebrate Eid al-Fitr.

Muslims in the United States joined those around

the world during the holy month of Ramadan to

focus on acts of faith and charity. Now, as they

commemorate Eid with family and friends, they

carry on the tradition of helping neighbors and

breaking bread with people from all walks of life.

During this holiday, we are reminded of the

importance of mercy, compassion, and goodwill.

With Muslims around the world, the United States

renews our commitment to honor these values.

Eid Mubarak. Donald Trump

Text E is a statement of the President of the United States Donald

Trump at the end of the Ramadan during the festivity of « Eid al-

Fitr ». So, it is directed to Muslims in the US and its purpose is to

send them greetings for their celebration.

It is divided in three parts : the indtroduction, the body of the

statement and the conclusion.

Cohesion is achieved through the use of the pronoun « they » and

the direct repetitions of some words like « muslims ». There are

multiple clause sentences

some linked by conjunctions like

« and » or « to ».

There are only declaratives because it is a statement of greetings.

Furthermore, there are some prepositional phrases starting with

« on » or « to » in order to indicate cirumstances of what he’s

saying.

It’s a very formal statement and there are lots of words related to

the semantic field of « values » such as « faith », « charity »,

« mercy », « compassion ».

Text F - Recipe

Ingredients

 110g/4oz butter or margarine, softened at room temperature

 110g/4oz caster sugar

 2 free-range eggs, lightly beaten

 1 tsp vanilla extract

 110g/4oz self-raising flour

 1-2 tbsp milk

For the buttercream icing

 140g/5oz butter, softened

 280g/10oz icing sugar

 1-2 tbsp milk

 a few drops food colouring

Method

Preheat the oven to 180C/350F/Gas 4 and line a 12-hole muffin tin with paper cases.

Cream the butter and sugar together in a bowl until pale. Beat in the eggs a little at a

time and stir in the vanilla extract.

Fold in the flour using a large metal spoon, adding a little milk until the mixture is of

a dropping consistency. Spoon the mixture into the paper cases until they are half

full.