Concetti Chiave
- Wole Soyinka, a Nigerian-born writer, faced political challenges due to his activism and was imprisoned during the Nigerian Civil War.
- Exiled under General Abacha's regime, Soyinka advocated for sanctions against the Nigerian government, aiding its return to democracy.
- Celebrated as a prominent African dramatist, Soyinka critiques Nigerian politics and compares European and African cultures in his works.
- He has written esteemed plays, novels, and poetry collections, earning the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1986 for his cultural and poetic contributions.
- The poem "Telephone Conversation" highlights racial prejudice experienced during a seemingly routine interaction, using vivid imagery and irony.
Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka
Wole Soyinka was born in Nigeria in 1934, He moved to Great Britain to study English Literature at the University of Leed, then he worked at the Royal Court Thatre in London. In 1957 he went back to his home country and became
an active member of the Nigerian political life. In 1967 he was arrested and put in solitary confinement for his attempts to sinf a solution to the Nigerian - Niafran War. During the twenty-two months he spent in prison he wrote several
poems, published in the collection Poems from Prison and later recounted to memoirs in The Man Died: Prison Notes (1972).
Under General Abacha's dictatorial regime Soyinka was forced to leave Nigeria secretly because of his outspoken commitment to the cause of freedom and civil rights. While living abroad he never stopped advocating the imposition of sanctions against the brutal Nigerian government,, which greatly helped the country's return to democracy in 1999. Back in his native country, Soynika was greeted as a national hero and was offered a university teaching position. He presently works at the University of Nevada and the Loyola Marimount University in Los Angeles.
He is considered one of the finest contemporary African dramatists. In one of his most celebrated plays, A Dance of the Forest (1960) he sharply criticies the Nigerian ruling class and in the collection of essays Myth, Literature and
the African World he compares and contrasts European and African culture. He has written two novels and several collections of poems which the best known are Mandela's Earth and the Other Poems (1988) and Outsiders (1999). in
1986 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. In its motivation, he is defined one "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence.
POEM
The price seemed reasonable, location
Indifferent. The landlady swore she lived
Off premises. Nothing remained
But self-confession. “Madam,” I warned,
“I hate a wasted journey—I am African.”
Silence. Silenced transmission of
Pressurized good-breeding. Voice, when it came,
Lipstick coated, long gold-rolled
Cigarette-holder pipped. Caught I was, foully.
“HOW DARK?” . . . I had not misheard . . . “ARE YOU LIGHT
OR VERY DARK?” Button B. Button A. Stench
Of rancid breath of public hide-and-speak.
Red booth. Red pillar-box. Red double-tiered
Omnibus squelching tar. It was real! Shamed
By ill-mannered silence, surrender
Pushed dumbfoundment to beg simplification.
Considerate she was, varying the emphasis—
“ARE YOU DARK? OR VERY LIGHT?” Revelation came.
“You mean—like plain or milk chocolate?”
Her assent was clinical, crushing in its light
Impersonality. Rapidly, wavelength adjusted,
I chose. “West African sepia”—and as an afterthought,
“Down in my passport.” Silence for spectroscopic
Flight of fancy, till truthfulness clanged her accent
Hard on the mouthpiece. “WHAT’S THAT?” conceding,
“DON’T KNOW WHAT THAT IS.” “Like brunette.”
“THAT’S DARK, ISN’T IT?” “Not altogether.
Facially, I am brunette, but madam, you should see
The rest of me. Palm of my hand, soles of my feet
Are a peroxide blonde. Friction, caused—
Foolishly, madam—by sitting down, has turned
My bottom raven black—One moment madam!”—sensing
Her receiver rearing on the thunderclap
About my ears—“Madam,” I pleaded, “wouldn’t you rather
See for yourself?”
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Cuál es el contexto histórico y personal de Wole Soyinka mencionado en el texto?
- ¿Qué temas aborda Wole Soyinka en sus obras literarias?
- ¿Cómo reacciona la casera ante la confesión del hablante en el poema "Telephone Conversation"?
- ¿Qué técnica literaria utiliza Soyinka en el poema para abordar el tema del racismo?
- ¿Cuál es la reacción final del hablante en el poema ante la actitud de la casera?
Wole Soyinka nació en Nigeria en 1934, estudió en Gran Bretaña, participó activamente en la vida política nigeriana, fue encarcelado por sus intentos de resolver la Guerra de Nigeria-Biafra, y tuvo que exiliarse bajo el régimen dictatorial de Abacha. Fue galardonado con el Premio Nobel de Literatura en 1986.
Soyinka critica a la clase dirigente nigeriana, compara y contrasta la cultura europea y africana, y aboga por la libertad y los derechos civiles. Sus obras incluyen novelas, poemas y ensayos que exploran estos temas.
La casera responde con preguntas sobre el tono de piel del hablante, mostrando prejuicios raciales. Su tono es clínico e impersonal, lo que lleva al hablante a responder con ironía y sarcasmo.
Soyinka utiliza el diálogo irónico y el sarcasmo para resaltar el absurdo y la insensibilidad del racismo, especialmente a través de la conversación telefónica entre el hablante y la casera.
El hablante responde con ironía y sarcasmo, sugiriendo que la casera debería verlo en persona para juzgar su color de piel, lo que subraya la ridiculez de su prejuicio.