Concetti Chiave
- The shift from rational thought to emotion led to a search for sensations and a return to nature, contrasting cities with the countryside.
- Artists sought wild, solitary, and suggestive nature, emphasizing darkness and elements that evoke strong emotions, such as fear and meditation.
- Gothic ruins, embodying the Middle Ages, became romantic symbols opposing classicism and representing European cultural roots.
- J.J. Rousseau was a precursor of Romanticism, valuing emotion over reason, the purity of nature, and the significance of childhood.
- Romantic poetry emerged, focusing on nature's wild elements, emotions, childhood, and melancholy, alongside the Gothic novel as a literary form.
If reason is not able to create a new idea of society we have to find something different and it was the Emotion.
The new trend was to look for sensations and emotions rather than rational thoughs and the idea of place opposed to the degraded city was the country.
There was a kind of attempt to find a shelter in Nature which was opposed to civilization and the cities.
Artists look for a wild and solitary Nature because they were looking for something that gives strong emotions so Nature had to be suggestive.
Also Darkness became an important element to look for emotions.
Perfect romantic places was:
- Unhabited
- Wild (like rocking mountains, wild trees, wind…)
- Horrid and Darkness (you must feel a kind of fear in places where you meditate)
- Gothic* Ruins (possibly witness of the Middle Ages that opposes to Classicism.
Where the artists look for emotions and meditate about important subjects of life (its meaning , the death…)
so the kind of literature that comes out of this attitude is formed by:
-Emotions
-Wildness
-Nature
-Darkness
*Gothic comes from the Barbarian population of the Goths and in ancient times means barbaric and with no culture, now it acquires a different dimension and becomes something positive because it’s opposed to rationalism and represent the new sensibility.
Gothic arts tended to spirituality and religious emotions so it was rediscovered together with the literature of the origins. (the English ballads)
Bishop Percy, a scholar, collected and published ancient medieval ballads and the ballad became a fashionable form of poetry for the romantic poets.
An important publication of this period was “the Ossian’s Poems”.
It was so influential that it was translated in many country, even in Italy thanks to Melchiorre Cesarotti.
Ossian was a bard and speaks about an epic world of Celtic warriors in the past so this poem represented the new perfectly: the melancholy atmosphere, the wild countries and the period of the Middle Ages.
It was a fake because the author started from a part of an ancient poem that existed and created the story.
J.J. Rousseau
Rousseau was considered an anticipator of Romanticism because:
-he was the first one to opposed emotions to reason
-he appreciated walking in nature looking for places where could meditate
-he spoke about the fact that civilization, which is the result of the application of reason in any field, is the main cause of human degradation because the individual is general born good and the contact with the society makes him evil. He also write an essay about the way a child should be educated.
-because of the importance he gave to the children. Before children were considered just mid-adults not completely formed so it was accepted that children could suffer and die, and it was very easy.
So Childhood become an important thing only in Romanticism.
Poetry
With Romanticism born a new form of poetry which is based on:
-nature (dark, wild and with ruins)
-emotions
-childhood
-melancholy
and it could be or Elegiac poetry or Graveyard poetry (Thomas Gray).
On the other hand a new literary genre was born which was very similar to elegies: the Gothic Novel. (Mary Shelley)
Edmund Burke
“A philosophical Enquire” about the difference between Beauty and Sublime
Also Kant developed the theory of the difference between Beauty and Sublime but he stated that Beauty comes from the Interplay between sensibility and reason and Sublime comes from their CONFLICT and it comes from the subject who perceives not from the object perceived like Beauty.
The effects of the meeting with Sublime
Where does SUBLIME resides
Examples of blind in politics and religion
Domande da interrogazione
- Qual è stato il nuovo trend artistico in risposta alla razionalità?
- Quali caratteristiche definiscono i luoghi perfetti per il Romanticismo?
- Qual è stato il contributo di J.J. Rousseau al Romanticismo?
- Quali sono le caratteristiche della nuova poesia romantica?
- Come Edmund Burke e Kant hanno contribuito alla teoria del Sublime?
Il nuovo trend era cercare sensazioni ed emozioni piuttosto che pensieri razionali, con un rifugio nella Natura opposta alla civiltà e alle città degradate.
I luoghi perfetti erano inabitati, selvaggi, orridi e oscuri, con rovine gotiche che suggerivano un passato ideale e le origini delle nazioni europee.
Rousseau è stato un anticipatore del Romanticismo opponendo emozioni alla ragione, apprezzando la natura per la meditazione e sottolineando l'importanza dell'infanzia.
La poesia romantica si basa su natura, emozioni, infanzia e malinconia, e include forme come la poesia elegiaca e la poesia del cimitero.
Burke ha esplorato la differenza tra Bellezza e Sublime, mentre Kant ha affermato che la Bellezza deriva dall'interazione tra sensibilità e ragione, e il Sublime dal loro conflitto.
Accedi a tutti gli appunti
Tutor AI: studia meglio e in meno tempo
