Concetti Chiave
- Miracle plays were religiously themed performances commemorating Christian events, initially held in churches and later moved outside, performed by trade guild members on movable stages.
- Morality plays featured characters representing human vices and virtues, marking a shift towards psychological character interpretation, with "Everyman" being a notable example.
- "Everyman," originating in the late 15th century, is a Dutch play that reached England through oral tradition, depicting a merchant who realizes the futility of material attachments when faced with death.
- Interludes emerged in the 15th century as short performances mixing serious and comic elements, performed by small acting companies within a lord's residence.
- These medieval dramas played a critical role in the evolution of theatrical performances, blending religious, moral, and entertainment elements, paving the way for more complex dramatic forms.
Miracle plays were linked to religion to commemorate christian events.
At first they took place in churches, then outside. They were Staged by members of trade guilds on pageants (movable stage wagons). Actors were generally paid but not regarded as professional actors.
Morality plays: characters were personifications of human vices and virtues (1st step towards a psychological interpretation of characters). The plots were invented.
The most popular is everyman.The Actors were an association formed to act often under protection of a lord.
Everyman: it is a work of the end of 15 century. It appeared first on the continent (in fact it was a dutch play) and then in England. It was first transmitted by the oral tradition and then entered in the theatres financed by town artisants and merchants.it can be considered as a dramatic version of ars moriendi (the art of dying) and timor mortis (the fear of death).
Plot: everyman is summoned by death and finds out that none of his friends will accompany him. He asks fellowship, beauty strength but they desert him. Only good deeds is faithful to him and he realizes that none of the things he loved during his hearty life will help him. He’s a merchant (middle class) and makes profits. God is vindictive and harsh while everyman is honest and has lived his life with little excesses. God is cruel because men are too linked to material things. He’s the image of authority that denies the middle class the right to enjoy what they conquered in life.
Interlude: it was developed in the 15th century and consisted in a short play. Actors took part at a Small acting company and acted in the lord’s house. There were both Serious and comic elements with witty games of words. The Technics used: the vice (dramatic); the disguise.
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Cuál es la relación entre las obras de milagros y la religión?
- ¿Qué caracteriza a las obras de moralidad y cuál es su obra más popular?
- ¿Cómo se desarrollaron los interludios en el siglo XV y qué elementos incluían?
Las obras de milagros estaban vinculadas a la religión para conmemorar eventos cristianos. Inicialmente se realizaban en iglesias y luego al aire libre, organizadas por gremios comerciales en carros escénicos móviles.
Las obras de moralidad se caracterizan por tener personajes que son personificaciones de vicios y virtudes humanas, representando un primer paso hacia una interpretación psicológica de los personajes. La obra más popular es "Everyman".
Los interludios se desarrollaron en el siglo XV como obras cortas. Los actores formaban pequeñas compañías y actuaban en la casa del señor. Incluían elementos serios y cómicos, con juegos de palabras ingeniosos, utilizando técnicas como el vicio dramático y el disfraz.
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