Concetti Chiave
- The Augustan Age literature featured diverse genres reflecting economic and intellectual advancements, but literacy was limited due to few schools and high book prices.
- Libraries gained importance, providing access to literature, with upper-class women having more leisure time to read, particularly novels and journalism.
- Religious books dominated the 18th century, with authors like Defoe and Richardson blending religious themes with secular interests, exemplified by periodicals like The Spectator.
- Samuel Johnson was a leading critic, noted for his "Dictionary of the English Language," which demonstrated a neo-classical order and precision while excluding vulgar terms.
- Satire and mock-heroic verse were prevalent in poetry, with a focus on social themes and classical influences, eschewing personal emotions.
Augustan literature
The literature of the Augustan Age was characterized by a variety of genres, which reflected the economic and the intellectual progress of the period.
But there was a limited distribution of literacy caused by:
- Few school; the attendance at these schools was too short and irregular. Children left school when they were six or seven to start work in factories or in fields.
- The high price of books;
- Little privacy; houses were overcrowded and there was not enough light to read even during the day.
However, libraries stoked all types of literature and acquired great importance.
The most important kinds of reading was novel and journalism.
The largest category of book published in the 18th century, was religious. Puritan morality played an important role in the life of many middle-class readers.
Defoe and Richardson combined religious and secular interests in their works. This compromise found its earliest expression in the establishment of periodicals, such as The Spectator by Addison.
In the field of criticism Samuel Johnson was the best of his contemporaries; his greatest achievement is The Dictionary of the English language where is evident neo-classic love for order and precision. This work excluded technical or vulgar words, but admitted many scientific expressions, particularly medical and botanical.
The poet’s function was to provide social poetry. To say models of behavior presented in a classical pattern. Poetry didn’t express personal emotions or dissents of the poet.
Satire and mock-heroic verse were still the favorite techniques for criticism and moral concern.
Horace Ars Poetica influenced Augustan poets in their search for perfection and in their rejection of everyday language.
Poetic diction were:
- Standard phrases and periphrases to refer to ordinary things
- Use of apostrophe, inversion and personification
- Latinizing words and constructions.
Drama
There was a development of sentimental comedy, a type of play dealing with everyday problems of family and marriage in a very simply language. Bur, only of the end of Augustan Age, the playwrights Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Sheridan began to react against the excessive sentimentality in plays. They have moved away from the canons of the Comedy of Manners, but kept the use of the comedy of witty dialogue and created comic situations and ridiculous characters to amuse.
Journalism
It was born from the interest of the middle class people in literature, art, social problems and political life. People also wanted to be informed and to discuss evens or personages of the day.
Two men contributed to its rise, Joseph Addison, who founded the Spectator, and Richard Steele, who founded the Tatler.
The Tatler ame out three times a week until 1711 and its article were written in conversational style.
Domande da interrogazione
- ¿Cuáles fueron las características principales de la literatura de la Era Augustea?
- ¿Qué factores limitaron la distribución de la alfabetización durante la Era Augustea?
- ¿Qué papel jugaron las bibliotecas y las mujeres de clase alta en la difusión de la literatura?
- ¿Cómo influyeron Joseph Addison y Richard Steele en el periodismo de la Era Augustea?
La literatura de la Era Augustea se caracterizó por una variedad de géneros que reflejaban el progreso económico e intelectual de la época, con un enfoque en novelas y periodismo, y una fuerte influencia de la moralidad puritana.
La distribución de la alfabetización fue limitada por la escasez de escuelas, el alto precio de los libros, y la falta de privacidad y luz adecuada en los hogares.
Las bibliotecas adquirieron gran importancia al almacenar todo tipo de literatura, y las mujeres de clase alta, al tener más tiempo, leyeron más, contribuyendo a la difusión de la literatura.
Joseph Addison y Richard Steele contribuyeron al auge del periodismo al fundar The Spectator y The Tatler, respectivamente, que informaban y fomentaban la discusión sobre literatura, arte, problemas sociales y vida política.
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