Concetti Chiave
- In inglese, il plurale si forma generalmente aggiungendo -s al sostantivo singolare, indipendentemente dal genere.
- Se il nome termina in -s, -ss, -x, -z, -ch o -sh, il plurale si forma con -es.
- I sostantivi che finiscono in -y preceduta da consonante cambiano la -y in -i e aggiungono -es.
- Le parole che terminano in -f o -fe spesso hanno plurali irregolari, come life che diventa lives.
- Esistono plurali irregolari che devono essere memorizzati, come foot che diventa feet.
Differences in the English language about gender
La lingua inglese non prevede differenze tra il genere femminile e quello maschile.
Ad esempio the doctor si usa sia per il dottore, sia per la dottoressa.
(Ad esempio: When I sprained my ankle while playing volleyball, I was helped in the field by a kind and resourceful doctor)
Ma ci sono alcune eccezioni come the actor (l'attore) e the actress (l'attrice).
(Ad esempio: In the stage, the actor was told to act like someone who had just won the lottery but he needed to hide it while the actress was impersonating a woman that wanted to buy some cards)
In genere il plurale di un nome, che può essere maschile, femminile o neutro, si ottiene aggiungendo una -s al sostantivo singolare.
cat - cats; (Quentin went to the shop to buy one cat but when he saw two little cats that were hugging each other he decided to take all of them home)
dog - dogs; (My father stated that he was not a dog person but when his 5 years old son bought home a little Maltese, he suddenly fell in love with all the breeds of dogs)
teacher - teachers; (We can’t believe that our school failed in entrusting us with one stable substitute teacher: we chanced like 4 History teachers in one year and we did not learn anything!)
pen - pens (Do you have a spare pen by chance? All my pens in my case are empted)
Ma attenzione a come finisce il nome!
Se l'ultima lettera è -s, -ss, -x, -z, -ch, -sh, il plurale si forma aggiungendo -es come nei seguenti casi:
bush - bushes (Lucas wanted to call a gardener in order to plant a bush in front of his house but he ended up buying more bushes so that he could enclose his lawn)
fox - foxes (I read this book in which a fox became friend with an human and it showed him its family made of little foxes and I found it so cool and sweet)
tomato - tomatoes (The recipe suggested to use one squashed tomato to spread on the pizza dough but, instead, I used two tomatoes because I wanted more sauce)
Various exceptions and irregular plurals
Se il nome termina in -y preceduta da consonante, la -y scompare e si aggiunge -ies (quindi la y si trasforma in i e si aggiunge -es).
city - cities; (My group initially had planned to visit only one big city during the summer break but at the end we were suggested to visit more typic and picturesque cities and we found it a good idea)
party - paries; (Lucy wanted to throw a party for her graduation but part of her friends were out of town so she decided to organize two parties)
hobby - hobbies (She read an article on how it was important to have more than one hobby in someone’s life so she wrote a list about all the hobbies that she wanted to try)
Le parole che terminano con -f o con -fe il cui plurale subisce una trasformazione.
Life – Lives ad esempio. (The teacher said that reading gives the sensation of living more lives in one so the students started to calculate how many books someone could read in one life)
Ci sono poi plurali irregolari che bisogna imparare a memoria perché non seguono le regole canoniche:
foot - feet; (Carlos found out that his left foot was better at kicking balls but he loves using both of his feet during football games)
tooth - teeth; (When I had baby teeth I remember that when one of them had fallen down, I waited impatiently for the Tooth Fairy)
person - people (Among all the people that I met, you are my favourite person!)
Alcuni nomi sono usati solo al singolare come:
hair (Yesterday I had my hair cut and the hair dresser offered me a delicious coffee from a thermos)
news (My grandma is used to read the news from the newspaper while my grandpa was learned how to read them from the computer)
information (My brother studied too much and he said he needed to go to sleep so that all the information will be assimilated)
Domande da interrogazione
- Quali sono le eccezioni nel genere dei nomi in inglese?
- Come si forma il plurale dei nomi che terminano in -s, -ss, -x, -z, -ch, -sh?
- Cosa succede ai nomi che terminano in -y preceduta da consonante quando si formano i plurali?
- Quali sono alcuni esempi di plurali irregolari in inglese?
- Quali nomi sono usati solo al singolare in inglese?
In inglese, mentre la maggior parte dei nomi non distingue tra genere maschile e femminile, ci sono eccezioni come "actor" e "actress".
Per i nomi che terminano in -s, -ss, -x, -z, -ch, -sh, il plurale si forma aggiungendo -es, come in "bush" che diventa "bushes".
Se un nome termina in -y preceduta da consonante, la -y si trasforma in -i e si aggiunge -es, come in "city" che diventa "cities".
Alcuni plurali irregolari includono "foot" che diventa "feet", "tooth" che diventa "teeth", e "person" che diventa "people".
Alcuni nomi usati solo al singolare includono "hair", "news", e "information".
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