Concetti Chiave
- Brand medicines are patented drugs produced by pharmaceutical companies, often more expensive than generics.
- Generic medicines are unpatented or expired patent drugs, allowing production by multiple companies without restrictions.
- LADME outlines the pharmacokinetic journey of drugs, including Liberation, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion.
- Absorption is the process of a drug entering the bloodstream through various pathways like skin and oral mucosa.
- The human anatomy section lists key body parts such as the liver, kidneys, and joints like the elbow and shoulder blade.
Types of medicines
Medicine may be divided into:
• Brand medicine: usually produced by pharmaceutical companies and patented in order to give the developer exclusive right to produce them; they cost more than generic medicine;
• Generic medicine: drugs that are not patent or whose patent has expired and may be produced or copied by other companies without restrictions.
Orphan disease=disease effecting fewer than 200000 citizens in the USA or having less than 5% prevalence in the community
Pharmacokinetic properties
LADME describes the pharmacokinetic properties and disposition of a pharmaceutical compound within an organism:
• Liberation: manner of release of a drug from its dosage form
• Absorption: movement of the medication into and throughout the bloodstream, absorption through the skin, intestine and oral mucosa
• Distribution: the way substances spread and are dispersed or disseminated throughout the body
• Metabolism: chemical conversion of medication into metabolites within the body
• Excretion: the way the medication is eliminated and removed from the body; it may occur through the kidney, bladder, feces or lungs and skin
Anatomy of the human body
Shoulder blade (scapola)
Elbow/arm joint (gomito)
Thumb (pollice)
Calf (polpaccio)
Shin (stinco)
Heel (tallone)
Toe (dita dei piedi)
Liver (fegato)
Kidneys (reni)
Bladder (vescica)
Gall bladder (cistifellea)
Domande da interrogazione
- What distinguishes brand medicine from generic medicine?
- What does the acronym LADME stand for in pharmacokinetics?
- What are some key anatomical parts of the human body mentioned in the text?
Brand medicine is produced by pharmaceutical companies and is patented, granting exclusive production rights, making it more expensive. In contrast, generic medicine is not patented or has an expired patent, allowing other companies to produce it without restrictions.
LADME represents the pharmacokinetic properties of a drug: Liberation (release from dosage form), Absorption (movement into the bloodstream), Distribution (spread throughout the body), Metabolism (conversion into metabolites), and Excretion (elimination from the body).
The text lists several anatomical parts, including the shoulder blade (scapula), elbow/arm joint (gomito), thumb (pollice), calf (polpaccio), shin (stinco), heel (tallone), toe (dita dei piedi), liver (fegato), kidneys (reni), bladder (vescica), and gall bladder (cistifellea).
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