Realtà celata da veli di apparenza, tesina

La realtà celata da veli di apparenza

Studentessa:

Singh Madhu

Anno scolastico: 2015-2016

La realtà celata da veli di apparenza

Percorso multidisciplinare sulla maschera.

P. 5 Prefazione: Nulla è come appare

Filo conduttore: La maschera.

Letteratura inglese

P. 7 Letteratura Inglese: The theme of hypocrisy in The Picture of Dorian Gray and the Victorian values

In The Picture of Dorian Gray the portrait is a symbol of Victorian hypocrisy: while from the outside Dorian remains beautiful and untouched by the bad actions he has committed, he masks his eternal youth and the picture gets ugly and corrupted.

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Letteratura italiana

P. 15 Letteratura Italiana: Uno, nessuno e centomila: Dalla disgregazione dell’io alla follia

“Imparerai a tue spese che nel lungo tragitto della vita incontrerai tante maschere e pochi volti”

Quante volte ci siamo sentiti incompresi dagli altri?

Quante volte abbiamo sofferto perché la nostra personalità non è emersa realmente? La lezione di Luigi Pirandello scuote i nostri sentimenti, come afferma l’autore siciliano, nulla è fermo, dunque nemmeno le opinioni degli altri. Sta a noi, cercare il modo migliore o più coerente di agire o, per lo meno, individuare un percorso lungo il quale disegnare possibili strade.

Letteratura francese

P. 19 Letteratura francese: L’agonie du Père Goriot

“ ”

Avoir soif, et ne jamais boire

Le père Goriot negociant jadis riche, se fait ruiné par ses deux filles afin qu’elles fassent de beaux mariages. Il a montré toujours à tous que il est un père heureux où Anastasie et Delphine sont filles que tiennent à cœur le père, mais ce voile émotif est lancé et reporté beaucoup de moments après sa mort.

Letteratura spagnola

P. 25 Letteratura spagnola: La conversión de Don Juan

Todos nosotros hemos la imagen de Don Juan: un hombre rebelde, lleno de valor y arrogancia. El Don Juan Tenorio de Zorrilla pero tendrá que haber una conversión

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al final y será un personaje capaz de arrepentirse de sus pecados, llevando su máscara de hombre lleno de valores inmorales.

Storia dell’arte

P. 32 Storia dell’arte: Magritte: Il falso specchio

Magritte: “La realtà non è mai come la si vede: la verità è soprattutto immaginazione.”

René Magritte è secondo me tra i pittori surrealisti più originali e famosi. Con la sua pittura vuol far emergere il concetto di assurdo, l’assenza di logicità celata nei suoi quadri. Nel “Il falso specchio” vi è un occhio che riflette un cielo, ma cos’è quel cielo? Quello reale riprodotto dalla superficie rispecchiante dell’occhio oppure un “falso specchio” che non rappresenta ciò che l’occhio vede, ma ciò che ci illudiamo di vedere? È una finestra sul mondo o il nostro mondo interiore?

Scienze

P. 37 Scienze: La formazione delle nubi e le diverse tipologie

Con la rappresentazione del quadro di Magritte “Il falso specchio” possiamo capire scientificamente come avviene la formazione delle nubi. Nubi di diverse tipologie che coprono la realtà dei vari strati dell’atmosfera.

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Nulla è come appare

Ho scelto il tema della maschera come filo conduttore di questa tesina di maturità, perché ritengo che ogni uomo sia costretto a indossarne ogni giorno davanti agli altri. La maschera fu lo strumento più utilizzato nel teatro antico dagli attori ed era il mezzo che consentiva loro di volta in volta di interpretare diversi personaggi, anche ognuno di noi nella vita quotidiana indossiamo maschere, coincidenti con i diversi ruoli sociali che andiamo a ricoprire, assumendo, di conseguenza, differenti schemi di comportamento. È, dunque questo un mezzo di alienazione dalle “richieste” delle società moderna e dai ruoli che ognuno di noi sarebbe chiamato a ricoprire perdendo di vista se stesso e la propria identità. Carl Gustav Jung nelle sue formulazioni sui temi universali dell’inconscio collettivo individuò in quello che chiamò persona, nel senso etimologico di maschera, quel ruolo o copione che ognuno svolge in determinate circostanze, per rispondere alle richieste del mondo esterno.

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Un’eccessiva rigidità della persona e, quindi, della maschera corrisponde a una eccessiva identificazione con essa. Adottare in maniera flessibile e non rigida una maschera per poter uscire e rientrare nei diversi ruoli sociali esprime coerenza e continuità. Indossare una maschera è anche e soprattutto una metafora per distinguere i diversi tipi di atteggiamenti che ognuno di noi ha in contesti e in situazioni di vita diversi. Si può indossare la maschera dell’impiegato quello da studentessa, da professoressa. Mostrando lati diversi della nostra personalità o impersonando ruoli che consciamente o inconsciamente decidiamo di interpretare nel grande palcoscenico del mondo.

Letteratura inglese

6 Letteratura Inglese

The Picture of Dorian Gray and the Victorian values

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“You are a wonderful creation. You know more than you think you know, just as you know less than you want to know.”

Plot

A painter, Basil Hallward, paints a most exquisite portrait of his muse, the handsome young man named Dorian Gray. During the last session of painting, Dorian, who has until this point been completely innocent both of his beauty and of the world, meets Basil’s friend Lord Henry Wotton, who opens his eyes to the ephemeral nature of his own beauty and tells him that he should experience life to the fullest. Upon the completion of the portrait, Dorian wishes out loud that the painting would grow old, and not he. Due to Lord Henry’s influence, Dorian goes out looking for passion and falls in love with a young actress of considerable talent, Sibyl Vane. When she falls in love with him, however, she realizes the falseness of her stage life and performs very poorly in front of Basil and Lord Henry when they come to meet her; Dorian is thoroughly disappointed, loses all respect and love for her, and breaks the engagement. He goes home to find that the painting has become slightly more cruel-looking, and the next morning, just after resolving to go back and marry her regardless, finds out that Sibyl has killed herself. The painting fills him with fear and he has it locked up in an old schoolroom in his

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house. Dorian finds a certain joy, over the next years, in committing sinful or pleasurable deeds and watching the painting change; he loses none of his beauty or youth, but the painting grows old and ugly. He is constantly in touch with Lord Henry, who feeds his beliefs about a new Hedonism—the search for pleasure, not morality—which should take over the world. When Dorian is thirty-eight, he runs into Basil, having not seen him for a long time, and finally shows him what has happened to his portrait. Basil is horrified and tries to make Dorian repent, but Dorian kills him, and has an old friend of his burn the body and get rid of the evidence. Dorian becomes increasingly anxious and fearful that someone might discover his secret, and goes to an opium den to try to erase his bad feelings. Sibyl’s brother, James, who has been searching for him for eighteen years, knowing only that his sister called him Prince Charming, finds Dorian and threatens his life. He lets him go when Dorian tells him to look closely at his face; he could not have been more than twenty years old. While at a hunting party a few days later, a man is accidentally shot and killed, and Dorian finds out that this man was James. He decides that from this time on, he will be good; and to do this, he must get rid of the constant anxiety and fear he has been feeling—he must destroy the portrait. He stabs it, with the same knife he used to kill Basil, and when the servants enter they see the portrait as it

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was when it was new, and a horrible, old, ugly man lying dead on the floor.

The theme of hypocrisy and the importance of the portrait

Dorian Gray from the beginning wears in front of everybody a mask to hide his emotional and physical weaknesses. However at the end of the story when he threw away his ‘veil’ as every literature character is conducted to a madness or to commit a suicide. He has the portrait as refuge from the self doubt. When Dorian finally understands that there is a spell on him and that the portrait has been the cause of his moral corruption, he has no way out and stabs the portrait. So the Picture is a symbol of Victorian hypocrisy: while from the outside Dorian remains beautiful and untouched by the bad actions

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he has committed, the picture gets ugly and corrupted. This is why Dorian must keep it hidden.

Interpretation of the novel

The story of Dorian Gray is profoundly allegorical. Wilde creates a correspondence between the physical and spiritual realms: beautiful people are moral people; ugly people are immoral people. This is a concept that is totally reversed in the novel. Dorian Gray remains in fact young and beautiful although he commits the worst crimes. The picture of Dorian Gray stands for the dark side of Dorian’s personality, which he tries to forget by locking it up in a room. The horrible corrupting picture could be seen as a symbol of the Victorian middle and upper classes, while Dorian and his innocent appearance are symbols of bourgeois hypocrisy

Basil Halward is the author of Dorian’s portrait. He’s an eternal idealist who truly believes in the innate goodness of mankind. He has faith in the possibility of redemption and believes in pure values like Beauty, Truth, and Love. He thinks that all art is “unconscious, ideal, and remote.” His love for Dorian Gray changes the way he sees art and the portrait marks a new phase of his career. Before painting the portrait, Basil had painted Dorian like an ancient soldier or a romantic figure from mythology. However, when he paints him as he really is, Basil fears that he has put too much of himself into the work, thus revealing his own hidden feelings of love

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for Dorian. The painting reflects the dark side of Dorian soul. The picture is connected with Dorian because while he remains young and handsome the picture becomes old and ugly as a reflection of Dorian’s wrong doing like murder. Dorian continues to be handsome, Basil optimistically thinks that he also will continue to be truthful and loving. Basil refuses to believe that his supposed friends, Henry and Dorian, can be really bad. Ultimately, he pays for his optimism and good faith with the highest price – his life.

Victorian values

Since the queen Victoria went to the throne at the age of 18, she established some values that made her reign important. Her long reign until 1901 was generally characterised mostly by peace and prosperity. Britain reached the zenith of its economic, political, diplomatic and cultural power.