Mappe Inglese lettorato

CAN/COULD, BE ABLE TO

POSSIBILITY

You can win this game.

I can't come to the party.

PERMISSION

You can't smoke here.

Can I come in?

REQUESTS

Can you help me, please?

Could you speak slowly?

SENSE VERBS

Can you hear that?

I can't see him.

ABILITY

He can speak 5 languages.

He's able to speak 5 lang.

CAN/COULD

ONLY PRESENT AND PAST

He can speak 5 languages.

I could read at four years old.

I'd like to can be with you. ❌

I won't can be there. ❌

I haven't can study. ❌

BE ABLE TO

ALL OTHER VERB FORMS

He's able to speak 5 languages.

I was able to read at four years old.

I'd like to be able to be with you. ✔️

I won't be able to be there. ✔️

I haven't been able to study. ✔️

COULD FOR ONE PAST OCCASION

They could escape the fire. ✔️

They couldn't escape the fire.

ONE PAST OCCASION

They were able/managed to escape. ✔️

They weren't able/didn't manage to escape the fire.

• PEOPLE
• + someone / somebody
• He knows someone / somebody in Milan.
• ? anyone / anybody
• He doesn't know anyone / anybody in Milan.
• Does he know anyone / anybody in Milan?
• X no-one / nobody
• He knows no-one / nobody in Milan.
• THINGS
• + something
• She needs something.
• ? anything
• She doesn't need anything.
• Does she need anything?
• X nothing
• She needs nothing.
• PLACES
• + somewhere
• They are going somewhere to eat.
• ? anywhere
• They are not going anywhere to eat.
• Are they going anywhere to eat?
• X nowhere
• They are going nowhere to eat.

some+any? -*no-

CAN/COULD, BE ABLE TO

POSSIBILITY

• You can win this game.
• I can't come to the party.

PERMISSION

• You can't smoke here.
• Can I come in?

REQUESTS

• Can you help me, please?
• Could you speak slowly?

SENSE VERBS

• Can you hear that?
• I can't see him.

ABILITY

• He can speak 5 languages.
• He's able to speak 5 lang.

CAN/COULD

ONLY PRESENT AND PAST

• He can speak 5 languages.
• I could read at four years old.
• I'd like to can be with you. ❌
• I won't can be there. ❌
• I haven't can study. ❌

COULD FOR ONE PAST OCCASION

• They could escape the fire. ✔
• They couldn't escape the fire.

BE ABLE TO

ALL OTHER VERB FORMS

• He's able to speak 5 languages.
• I was able to read at four years old.
• I'd like to be able to be with you. ✔
• I won't be able to be there. ✔
• I haven't been able to study. ✔

ONE PAST OCCASION

• They were able/managed to escape.
• They weren't able/didn't manage to escape the fire.

PEOPLE

• + someone / somebody
• He knows someone / somebody in Milan.
• ? anyone / anybody
• He doesn't know anyone / anybody in Milan.
• Does he know anyone / anybody in Milan?
• X no-one / nobody
• He knows no-one / nobody in Milan.

THINGS

• + something
• She needs something.
• ? anything
• She doesn't need anything.
• Does she need anything?
• X nothing
• She needs nothing.

PLACES

• + somewhere
• They are going somewhere to eat.
• + anywhere
• They are not going anywhere to eat.
• ? anywhere
• Are they going anywhere to eat?
• X nowhere
• They are going nowhere to eat.

some

• +

any

• ? -

no

• -

Tipo di Aggettivo

• 1 sillaba

1. Aggiunge -er
2. Aggiunge the ... -est

Esempi: Old → Older → The oldest

1 sillaba (CVC)*

1. Raddoppia la consonante + -er
2. Raddoppia la consonante + -est

Esempi: Hot → Hotter → The hottest

• 2 sillabe in -y

1. Cambia -y in -ier
2. Cambia -y in -iest

Esempi: Happy → Happier → The happiest

• 2 o più sillabe

1. More + aggettivo
2. The most + aggettivo

Esempi: Famous → More famous → The most famous

Aggettivi irregolari

Alcuni aggettivi non seguono le regole standard e hanno forme proprie che vanno memorizzate:

• Good (buono) → Better (meglio/migliore) → The best (il migliore).
• Bad (cattivo) → Worse (peggio/peggiore) → The worst (il peggiore).
• Far (lontano) → Farther / Further → The farthest / The furthest.

Quantifiers

1. A Lot (Of) / Much/Many

(molto/i)

UNCOUNTABLE (non numerabili)

A LOT OF time

• affirmative: molto tempo
• negative: non molta acqua
• interrogative: Quanto caffè...?

COUNTABLE (numerabili, plurale)

A LOT OF books

• affirmative: molti libri
• negative: non molte tazze
• interrogative: Quante bottiglie...?

2. Too Much/Many - No Un

(troppo/troppi)

TOO MUCH time (uncountable)

TOO MANY people (countable)

For example: The children have too much free time - There are too many people in this room

3. Too + Adjective

(troppo)

TOO TALL

OLD

EASY

For example: This exercise is too easy

4. A Little/A Few

(un po'/qualche)

I have a little time this afternoon if you are free (uncountable)

She has a few books she can give you (countable)

6. A Lot Of or A Lot?

(molto/i)

I have a lot of free time

English books

friends

• I work
• She shops a lot
• They eat

6. Enough

(abbastanza)

(a) enough + noun

• enough cups
• coffee
• cars
• energy

For example: I have enough time to arrive at the station before the train

(b) adjective + enough

• tall enough
• old
• easy

For example: She is not old enough to watch this film

PRESENT SIMPLE

• abitudini
• routine
• verità generali
• fatti permanenti
• orar

I live in LondonThe train leaves at 8 am

PRESENT CONTINUOS

• azioni che si stanno svolgendo al momento
• situazioni temporanee
• programmi futuri fissati

She is studying right nowWe are meeting them tomorrow

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

• azioni avvenute nel passato con un legame o conseguenza
• esperienze di vita o eventi conclusi da poco
• just
• already
• yet
• ever
• never
• since
• for

I have lost my keysI have never been to japan

I have been to Paris 2 timesJoe Biden has been the president since 2020

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS

• azioni del passato che continuano nel presente

I have been waiting for 2 Hours

FOR vs SINCE

• FOR+period of time

We’ve been here for a few hours

• SINCE+starting point

We’ve been here since four o’clock

SINCE vs FROM

• SINCE with present and past perfect

I have know John since i was a child

• FROM in other cases

Masks will be compulsory from tomorrow

Used to

USED TOAzioni ripetute nel passatoWhen I was a teenager, i used to go dancing everyBE USED TOEssere abituati aI’m still not used to driving on the leftGET USED TOAbituarsi aI’m still getting used to working night shifts

TO GET

• Ottenere
• Ricevere
• Diventare
• Arrivare
• Comprare

• To get a job
• To get tired
• To get home

MUST-HAVE TO

HAVE

• Passato
• Presente
• Futuro

negativo

• mancanza di necessità, non bisogna per forza farlo

MUST

• Presente

negativo

• Proibizione assoluta

MUST

• We must call early.
• We mustn't call early.
• Must we call early?

A Yes, we must.No, we mustn't.

HAVE TO

• He has to wear a uniform.
• He doesn't have to wear a uniform.
• Does he have to wear a uniform?

A Yes, he does.No, he doesn't.

• love
• like
• enjoy
• don't mind
• don't like
• hate

• want
• try
• hope
• forget

Subj + (love-like-enjoy-don't mind-don't like-hate) + verb + ing

Example: I love playing football

Subj + (Want-forget-try-hope) + verb (infinitive)

Example: I don't want to talk about it

CAN

PRESENT He can ski = He is able to ski PAST He could ski = He was able to ski FUTURE He will be able to ski CONDITIONAL He could ski = He would be able to ski

MUST

PRESENT + She must study = She has to study. -- She must not study † She doesn't have to study ? (Must she study?) Does she have to study? CONDITIONAL She should study She would have to study would Conditional will Future shall Proposals Shall I/we….? may might Può darsi che Forse + future

Tempi al passato

• Past Simple
  • Azioni concluse o finite nel passato
  • I visited Paris last year
• Past Continuous
  • Azioni passate in progressione in un preciso momento
  • I was sleeping when you called
• Past Perfect Simple
  • Azione avvenuta prima di un'altra
  • When we arrived, the film had already started
• Past Perfect Continuous
  • Azioni che erano in corso da un certo periodo e interrotte che enfatizzano la durata
  • She had been working for hours before she took a break