Risposte esame scritto Traduzione inglese 5

Lezione 02

01. ESP stands for - English for Special Purposes.

02. When did History of ESP begin? - In the 1960s.

03. History of ESP is - A movement started by J. Swales.

04. Who was the leader of History of ESP? - John Swales.

05. The main goal of ESP is - To use English in a specific domain.

06. A key feature of an ESP course is that - The content and aims of the course are oriented to the specific needs of the learners.

07. EBP stands for - English for business purposes.

08. EMP stands for - English for Medical Purposes.

09. ELP stands for - English for Legal Purposes.

Lezione 03

01. Aspects of Articles Introductions was published in - 1981.

02. What did Tarantino use in 1988 for the first time? - Face-to-face questionnaire interviews.

03. In 1986, Jakobson decided to focus on - Strategic needs, not only grammar and discourse competence ones.

04. As for ESP studies, the 1981-1990 period was - The most inclusive.

05. During the 1980s, ESP studies - Continued to be limited and was therefore considered irrelevant.

06. Thanks to Tarone and her colleagues, the trend of ESP led to - More narrowly defined ESP research topics and texts.

07. Aspects of Articles Introductions was written by - Swales.

08. Among the editors of The ESP Journal we don't find - Tarone.

09. Apart from Tarone, which School focused on ESP? - The Washington School.

10. A major feature of the studies developed in 1981 was - The involvement of an expert.

11. The ESP Journal was published by - Tarone at al.

12. The ESP Journal was published in - 1981.

13. The ESP Journal was reprinted with a new title: - 1981/Episodes in ESP.

Lezione 04

01. "New medium of communication" involved - Research implying computers.

02. CMC stands for - Computer-mediated instruction.

03. Tinberg speaks of genre - "Volatility".

04. During the 1980s, Zak and Dudley-Evans focused on with regard to - Telex/Business English.

05. During the 1980s, ESP studies kept the focus on - Linguistic "devices".

Lezione 05

01. The Modern Age of ESP got from... to... - 1990-2011.

02. How many Journals were founded during the Modern Age? - 2.

03. Why the journals became so important during the 21st century? - Because scholars were demanded to publish in international journals.

04. The word "texography" was introduced in ESP lexicon by - Swales.

Lezione 06

01. As regard Tourism Studies, the main information sources are replaced by - Internet.

02. A good example of TPMs could be - A brochure.

03. Popular tourism increased during the 1900s thanks to the rise of - International airlines.

04. The 1950s assist to the diffusion of the so-called - Leisure tourism.

05. During the mid-nineteenth century, which invention allowed the diffusion of leisure traveling? - The railway system.

06. During the 17th century, we assist to the diffusion of - The Grand Tour.

07. During the Middle Age, we assist to the diffusion of a particular purpose for traveling. Can you indicate which one? - Religious purpose.

08. In the Classic Era, an invention indeed improved the way of traveling. What was invented? - The road.

09. In Egypt, signs of travels were detected since - 1500 BC.

Lezione 07

01. Alliteration, assonance and consonance are used, when we develop TPMs, as - Poetic devices.

02. According to Pearce, humour is used in TPMs to exploit functions - 3.

03. The impressive use of foreign words of which readers have little knowledge is called - Exoticising.

04. The comparing technique can be realised through the use of figures of speech such as - Simile and metaphor.

05. TPMs are created by - Professional copywriters.

06. Comparing is a technique - Aimed at reducing strangeness and enhancing familiarity.

07. Keying requires - Lexical items to be chosen with utmost care.

08. In order to communicate thoughts, TPMs often rely on - Expressive elements.

09. Persuasion in Tourism Discourse: Methodologies and Models was published by - Manca.

10. English for Tourism Promotion: Italy in British Tourism Texts was published in by - 2007/Francesconi.

11. Sun, Sea, Sex and the Unspoilt Countryside: How the English Language Makes Tourists out of Readers was published by - Cappelli.

12. The Language of Tourism: A Sociolinguistic Perspective was published in - 1996.

13. The first scholar to devote a study to the language of tourism was - Graham Dann.

14. To reinforce the image of the destination being, which technique do we use? - Contrasting.

Lezione 08

01. Houses, tools, clothing, paintings and texts are all examples of - Material culture.

02. Primitive Culture was written by - Tylor.

Lezione 17

01. How many types of ADR are there in the USA? - 3.

02. How many judicial districts are there in the USA? - 950.

03. How many Associates Justices is the US Supreme Court composed of? - 8.

04. The Magistrates' Court deals primarily with - Criminal cases.

05. Until 2009, the highest court in the national hierarchy of courts was

06. The superior courts are - The Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court and the Crown Court.

Lezione 20

01. In England, civil proceedings are allocated to tracks - 3.

Lezione 22

01. The first of the so-called European Communities was established in the form of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in - 1952.

02. The Treaty of Paris 1951 helped some nations - To create a common market for coal and steel.

03. The European Economic Community (EEC) was created in - 1957.

04. Regulations set out - General rules that are applicable throughout the EU.

05. Proportionality is a principle borrowed from - German law.

06. The principle of equality refers to - Directives on sex discrimination.

Lezione 26

01. For an offer to be legally effective, it must be - All three options are correct.

02. The person who makes the offer is called the; the person to whom it is made is called the - Offeror/offeree.

03. How many elements do we need for the formation of a contract? - 3.

04. Situations where offer and acceptance by the contracting parties are made on printed contracts are also called - Battles of the forms.

Lezione 28

01. Partnerships are referred to in English law as - Firms.

02. Auditing is the process by which - The financial situation of the company is examined.

03. A sole trader is - A one-man business.

04. How many types of registered company are there in England? - 3.

05. To become incorporated, the company must register by delivering: - Various documents, but the main two are the company's memorandum of association and the company's application for registration.

06. A private company, unlike a public company, seek finance by offering its shares to, or borrowing money from, the public - May not.

07. Who makes the company decisions? - Major shareholders.

08. If a company fails to repay a creditor, it creates - An event of default.

Lezione 30

01. The medical translator's priority is to deal adequately with - Factual complexity and accuracy.

02. Hippocrates' Corpus Hippocraticum was written in - 400 BCE.

03. In the 9th century much of Hippocrates' work was translated into - Arabic.

04. In the 11th century, Hippocrates' work was translated into - Latin.

05. The author the Canon Medicinae was - Ibn-Sina.

06. Translation into Latin on scientific topics lasted until - 1750.

Lezione 33

01. Key issues in medical translation can be - All the options are correct.

02. Translating as a Purposeful Activity was published in

03. Medical translations have been divided into categories according to their main roles in society - 4.

04. Which of the option does not refer to a public sector? - Laboratories.

Lezione 41

01. Since the possibility of developing new financial techniques is unlimited, the lexicon that belongs to the Business English is therefore - Dynamic.

02. Which of these options cannot complete the following sentence? "Business English is based on the vocabulary used in the world of - Showbusiness."

03. In which years the courses of this subject focused mainly on trade, interchange, import/export and knowledge of the written language? - 60s and '70s.

04. In, the attention shifted to knowledge of the subject for communicative purposes, also the management of the courses. - The '90s.

05. While learning Business English, it is important - Not to neglect the social relationships that derive from the exchanges.

06. The distinction between Business and General English originated - In the '70s.

07. Business English includes broad areas of expertise: - Two/economics and finance.

08. In Business English, adjectives are used - In a somewhat limited way.

09. In Business English verbs are - Often found in the passive form and have no agent.

10. Which of these tenses is not used when we conjugate a verb using Business English - Progressive forms.

Lezione 43

01. In the Middle Ages, the language used as a lingua franca - Latin.

02. In the ancient world, the primary communication vehicles were

The History of ESP: describe the initial phase (1962-1981)

10. The History of ESP: describe the initial phase (1962-1981) - In the years following World War II, Swales began Episodes in ESP. At that time, the central focus of ESP research was English for science and technology in academic contexts. His first attempts involved statistical grammar counts within written discourses to find out general sentence-level characteristics of EST. This approach was though descriptive and had little explanatory force, so it was changed by researchers, like Lackstrom, Selinker and Trimble, belonging to the Washington School. In 1972 it was published Grammar and Technical English which included contrastive discourse analyses for Spanish, Macedonian, and Japanese, investigating both lexical and grammatical EST features. In a chapter, one of the authors laid out the goals of ESP rhetorical theory as establishing a correspondence of purpose with device with “device” referring to “the linguistic means by which the author achieves his end.” So the Washington School gave a great contribution with the concept of “devices” searched within the text, becoming a central research focus.

The History of ESP: describe what happened between 1981 and 1990

10. The History of ESP: describe what happened between 1981 and 1990 - In 1981 Tarone and her colleagues published the ESP Journal, which focused on the syntactic voice, that means the use of passive in academic papers. Among the hypotheses of this study, belong a major feature that was the involvement of an expert. In 1981 John Swales published in the UK Aspects of Article Introductions. The approach described there became widely recognized and the movement expanded a lot, even though ESP continued to be limited and was considered irrelevant by most of the TESOL community. ESP researchers with their journal proposed to break from ESP’s self-imposed limit and interest on English for Science and Technology, and decided to return to original, broad definition of ESP, which included English for academic purposes and for occupational purposes. As a result, the 1981–1990 period may have been the most inclusive in terms of topics for published research and pedagogical practice. Issues of the journal were dedicated to teacher training and training of international teaching assistants; vocational ESP and interlanguage. During these early years of ESPJ publication, there appeared a considerable number of articles on needs assessment, the core of ESP practitioner work. In 1986 Jacobson, also breaking new ground, concentrated upon the strategic, rather than grammatical or discourse competence needs of students in a physics lab. In an Italian setting of 1988, Tarantino used a face-to-face questionnaire interview.

Discuss how the studies in ESP changed thanks to Tarone

11. Discuss how the studies in ESP changed thanks to Tarone - The ESP studies grew a lot thanks to Tarone's contribution. In 1981 Tarone and her colleagues published the ESP Journal, one of the most important volumes of these studies, which focused on a main characteristic of scientific prose: the syntactic voice, that means the use of passive in academic papers. The research was carried testing hypotheses about the functions of a specific grammatical feature. The study also introduced the involvement of an expert to test their conclusions. In 1988 Selinker carried the studies formulating two new ESP methods focused on science and technology disciplines. The approach was getting more focused on detailed questions.

Genre and rhetorical move: explain

01. Genre and Rhetorical move: explain - The term genre appeared in the ESP literature, often as linguistic “devices” were contrasted among text types. Tinberg came out with the expression of genre “volatility”, as differences in rhetorical purposes can be found even between examples of two texts within the same genre, resulting from the author's will to adapt to the general community’s genre on one side and to the smaller community on the other side. Concerning the rhetorical moves mentioned in Swales’ Aspects of Article Introductions, it is an expression that became popular first in England. In this work he points out that the Create-a-Research Space model for research article was successful, in both descriptive and pedagogical terms and also because of its strong metaphorical coloring. From the early 1980s to 1990, the two major terms in the field, genre and rhetorical moves, were introduced and discussed.

The History of ESP in the modern times: discuss what happened in the field between 1990 and 2011

01. The History of ESP in the modern times: discuss what happened in the field between 1990 and 2011 - The Modern Age in ESP covers the period from 1990 to 2011. During this period two new international journals were issued: the Journal of Second Language Writing (1991), which featured interesting and successful articles and researches around the 2000s; and the Journal of English for Academic Purposes (2001). As scholars needed to publish on international journals to be promoted, the journals became central to an understanding of ESP research, promoting and motivating the interest from University worldwide on ESP topics. One of the main topics was still and still is nowadays, even if with different approaches, the genre.

Tourist motivation and industry persuasion: discuss

10. Tourist Motivation and Industry Persuasion: discuss - Persuasion is a mechanism used in tourism communication. The purpose of the tourism industry is to persuade potential tourists to choose the advertised destination. Therefore the marketing strategies undertaken point at the understanding of tourist motivation, that is what motivates people to become tourists. The successful creation or translation of tourism promotional materials is essential to communicate the key marketing message as effectively as possible. Identifying the features of tourism promotion means cataloguing the linguistic and socio-cultural representation that the tourism industry has selected to persuade tourists to choose the advertised product. From the ancient times to modern day tourism, motivations for travelling have been many, from curio