Riassunto esame lingua inglese 2

Introduction

Proto-Indoeuropean ≈ 2000 BC
Proto-Germanic I Century AD
Old English 400 - 1100 AD
Middle English 1100 - 1500 AD
Modern English 1500 - NOW

Semantics → the study of meaning
Lexical semantics → the study of word meaning, and within that on historical factors
Etymology → the study of the origins of the words
Sociolinguistics → the study of language among different groups of society
Discourse analysis / text linguistics → study of linguistics relationships within texts
Pragmatics → the study of language in everyday interaction
+ anthropology + psychology
Historical semantics
Synonymy, hyponymy, semantic field
Polysemy, metonymy, metaphor
Semasiology → meaning(s) attached to individual word forms
Onomasiology → meaning and form(s) used to express that meaning, as in a thesaurus like Roget
Oxford English Dictionary (OED)
Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary (HTOED)
Synchrony → language at a particular point of time
Diachrony → language at a longer period of time with all its effects
How words are formed:
Derivation, compounding, borrowing
Prototype and domains → cognitive semantics

Lunedì 25 maggio 2020     13:36

Proto-Indoeuropean ≈ 2000 BC
Proto-Germanic I Century AD
Old English 400 - 1100 AD
Middle English 1100 - 1500 AD
Modern English 1500 - NOW

Semantics → the study of meaning
Lexical semantics → the study of word meaning, and within that on historical factors
Etymology → the study of the origins of the words
Sociolinguistics → the study of language among different groups of society
Discourse analysis / text linguistics → study of linguistics relationships within texts
Pragmatics → the study of language in everyday interaction
+ anthropology + psychology
Historical semantics
Synonymy, hyponymy, semantic field
Polysemy, metonymy, metaphor
Semasiology → meaning(s) attached to individual word forms
Onomasiology → meaning and form(s) used to express that meaning, as in a thesaurus like Roget
Oxford English Dictionary (OED)
Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary (HTOED)
Synchrony → language at a particular point of time
Diachrony → language at a longer period of time with all its effects
How words are formed:
Derivation, compounding, borrowing
Prototype and domains → cognitive semantics

A brief history of the English lexicon

English today has a large and varied vocabulary.

Lexicon

Selection of words meaning "jolly"

• OE = the jolly French
• Old Norse
• Latin

Old English 400 - 1100 AD
Angles, Saxons and Jutes arrived in England from Germany and Denmark first as raiders, then settlers.

Place names:

• Ing, ham, ton => Anglo-Saxon
• Aber => Celtic

Germanic language belonging to the Indo-European family of languages, with inflections on the ends of words.
85% of modern lexicon, with minor variations in pronunciation and spelling. => Core vocabulary (Ex. day, night, father, mother, ...)
Wise words date back to OE.

Derivation affixes (… + word)
Compounding (word + word)
Kennings => metaphorical compounds (Day candle = the Sun)
The OE poetic line consisted of 2 half lines linked by alliteration on stressed syllables.

Events had a profound effect on Anglo-Saxon life and the development of the OE lexicon

1. Gradual conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity (7th century onwards)