Inglese per il turismo

Unit 1: World Tourism

Grammar: Question Words and Present Simple

Le question words sono:

• How: Come
• How long: Da quanto tempo/Per quanto tempo
• Duration (Time)
• Length (m, km)
• How many: Quanti
• Countable
• How much: Quanto
• Uncountable
• How often: Ogni quanto tempo/Quante volte
• Frequency
• How old: Quanti anni
• Age
• What: Cosa
• Object
• When: Quando
• Time
• Where: Dove
• Place
• Which: Quale/Cosa
• Selection
• Who: Chi
• Person
• Why: Perché
• Reason
• Whose: Di chi
• Person

La struttura della frase sara...

Question words + Auxiliary + Subject + Verb + ?

• Do/Does/Did
• Am/Are/Is/Was/Were
• Can/Could
• May/Might
• Would

• Base form
• "ing" Form
• Base form
• Base form
• Base form

Unit 1: World Tourism

Grammar: Question Words and Present Simple

Le question words sono:

• How: Come
• How long: Da quanto tempo/Per quanto tempo (Duration (time)), (Length (m, km))
• How many: Quanto (Countable) (Quantity)
• How much: Quanto (Uncountable)
• How often: Ogni quanto tempo/Quante volte (Frequency)
• How old: Quanti anni (Age)
• What: Cosa (Object)
• When: Quando (Time)
• Where: Dove (Place)
• Which: Quale/Cosa (Selection)
• Who: Chi (Person)
• Why: Perché (Reason)
• Whose: Di chi (Person)

La struttura della frase sarà...

Question words + Auxiliary + Subject + Verb + ?

Do/Does/Did

• Base Form

Am/Are/Is/Was/Were

• "ing" Form

Can/Could

• Base Form

May/Might

• Base Form

Would

• Base Form

Il Present Simple si usa per dire qualcosa che è vero in generale o per parlare di situazioni o azioni ricorrenti.

Le forme

• Forma affermativa: Soggetto + verbo in forma base

NB: Con he/she/it il present simple termina in "s" (like→likes)

Invece, i verbi che finiscono in s, ch, sh, s, o, x e z alla 3^a persona singolare, aggiungono es

Mentre i verbi che terminano in "y" trasformano la "y" in "i" e aggiungono es (study→studies)

• Forma negativa: Soggetto + do/does + not + verbo in forma base
• Forma interrogativa: Do/does + soggetto + verbo in forma base + ?

Il present simple si utilizza con:

Avverbi (adv)

• Never: mai
• Rarely: raramente
• Seldom: di rado
• Occasionally: occasionalmente
• Sometimes: a volte
• Often: spesso
• Frequently: frequentemente
• Usually: solitamente
• Always: sempre

Espressioni di tempo

• In the morning: al mattino
• In the afternoon: nel pomeriggio
• In the evening: di sera
• At night: di notte
• Once a: una volta a
• Twice a: due volte a
• Every: ogni

• Forma affermativa: Soggetto + adv + verbo
• Forma negativa: Soggetto + do/does not + adv + verbo in forma base
• Forma interrogativa: Do/does + soggetto + adv + verbo in forma base

Email: Confirming Booking

From: Brad PittTo: Julia RobertsSubject: Your Booking

Dear Ms Roberts

Thank you for booking with Olbia Vacanze. I am writing to confirm the details of your booking to Argentina for eight nights. Your travel dates are from 23 June to 1 July. Your package tour includes flights for two persons and half-board accommodation in four-star hotels.

Please find attached your flight information with Amazing Airlines and details of your hotels, airport transfers and tour information.

The total cost of your booking is 10000 €. We accept payment by credit card or bank transfer. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.

Regards,

Brad Pitt

Travel SpecialistOlbia Vacations

Unit 2: Jobs in Tourism

Grammar: Present Continuous

Il Present Continuous descrive un'azione o una situazione in corso.

Le Forme

Forma Affermativa: Soggetto + Verbo "To be" + Verbo "ing"

NB: Verbi che finiscono con "E": Smile → Smiling;

Verbi che terminano in consonante e sono monosillabici: Get → Getting

Verbi che terminano in 'Y': Play → Playing

Forma Negativa: Soggetto + Verbo "To be" + Not + Verbo "ing"

Forma Interrogativa: Verbo "To be" + Soggetto + Verbo "ing" + ?

Le espressioni temporali che vengono utilizzate sono:

• Now: Adesso
• In this moment: In questo momento
• Right now: Proprio adesso
• At the moment: Al momento

Unit 3: Visitor Centres

Grammar: Comparative and Superlative Forms (for Adjective)

• Adjective
• Comparative (of Majority)
• Superlative (of Majority)

• Rich (1 Syllable)
• Richer Than
• The Richest Of/In The

• Busy (2 Syllable)
• Busier Than
• The Busiest Of/In The

• Spectacular (+3 Syllable)
• More Spectacular Than
• The Most Spectacular Of/In The

La Struttura Della Frase è:

Comparative: 1^o Soggetto + Verbo “To Be” + “More” + Aggettivo (+3) + “Than” + 2^o Soggetto

Paul is More Spectacular Than Mark

1^o Soggetto + Verbo “To Be” + Aggettivo (1 o 2) (+er) + Than + 2^o Soggetto

Paul is Busier Than Mark

Superlative: 1^o Soggetto + Verbo “To Be” + “The Most” + Aggettivo (+3) + Of/In The + Gruppo

Paul is The Most Spectacular Of/In The Class

1^o Soggetto + Verbo “To Be” + “The” + Aggettivo (1 o 2) (+est) + Of/In The + Gruppo

NB: Aggettivi (1 o 2) terminanti in “E”: Safe → Safer (C) → Safest (S)

Aggettivi (1 o 2) terminanti in consonante: Hot → Hotter (C) → Hottest (S) ma preceduti da una vocale

Aggettivi (1 o 2) terminanti in “Y”: Happy → Happier (C) → Happiest (S) ma preceduta da una consonante

Aggettivi che diventano irregolari quando diventano comparativi o superlativi di maggioranza:

• Good → The Best
• Bad → The Worst
• Far → The Farthest
• Little → The Least
• Much → The Most

Unit 4: Package Tours

Grammar: Past Simple

Il Past Simple viene usato per parlare di azioni avvenute nel passato ove sia presente uno dei seguenti marcatori temporali:

• Yesterday: Ieri
• Ago: Fa
• Last: Scorso
• in + anno inferiore a quello attuale: nel 2024

Oppure, con le seguenti espressioni:

• When I was young: Quando ero giovane
• When I was a child: Quando ero bambino

Le forme:

Forma affermativa: Soggetto + verbo (-ed) oppure verbo irregolare

NB: Verbi regolari che terminano in e: smile —> smiled

Verbi regolari che terminano in y, preceduti da consonante: try —> tried

Verbi regolari con una sola consonante, preceduta da vocale: stop —> stopped

Forma interrogativa: Did + soggetto + verbo in forma base + ?

Forma negativa: Soggetto + did not + verbo in forma base

Focus: Past to be

• I was
• You were
• He/she/it was
• We were
• You were
• They were

Email: Package Tour Information

From: Mario Vargiu

To: Brad Pitt

Subject: Package Tour Information

Dear Mr Pitt,

Thank you for contacting us.

We offer a wide range of package tours for one or two days. Our one-day Olbia Beach tour includes visits to the most famous beaches around Olbia and activities such as windsurfing e sub lessons. Our two-days Olbia Beach and Nuraghi tour also includes excursions to the archaeological sites located far from the crowded coast.

Our one-day Olbia Beach tour includes airport transfer and lunch and the cost is €100 per person. Our two-days Olbia Beach and Nuraghi tour includes accommodation in a four-star hotel, full board and shuttle service to and from the airport.

In order to give you more details about what we can offer, could you kindly let us know any special requirements or needs you have.

Please do not hesitate to contact us for further information. We look forward to hearing from you.

Best regards,

Mario Vargiu

Unit 5: Hotels

Grammar: Modal Verbs

Il verbo modale viene utilizzato con il verbo principale per formare una frase o una domanda

• Infinito
• Can
• May
• Will
• Shall
• Simple Past
• Could
• Might
• Would
• Should/ought to
• Italiano
• Potere
• Potere
• Volere
• Dovere

"Can", "Could" e "May" si utilizzano per fare delle richieste

• Forma affermativa: Soggetto + Can/Could/May + Verbo in forma base
• Forma negativa: Soggetto + Can/Could/May + Not + Verbo in forma base
• Forma interrogativa: Can/Could/May + Soggetto + Verbo in forma base + ?

"Shall" si utilizza per esprimere proposte o per offrirsi di fare qualcosa

• Forma interrogativa: Shall + I/We + Verbo in forma base + ?

Email: Responding to Complaints

From: Mario Vargiu

To: Laura Ruiu

Subject: Complaint About Experience in Hotel

Dear Ms Ruiu,

Thank you for your email about your recent experience at our hotel. We welcome feedback from our guests and the opportunity to put things right. I can understand that it was disappointing for you not to receive the room type you requested. Unfortunately, the hotel was fully booked that day and the reception staff put you in a room that needs some renovation.

I am very sorry for the inconvenience this caused you. I also apologize for the unhelpful attitude of the staff member who dealt with your complaint at the time. As a gesture of goodwill, I would like to offer you either a full refund or a complimentary one-night stay at our hotel.

Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further questions or comments.

Best regards

Mario Vargiu

Unit 6: Food And Beverage

Grammar: Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Countable Nouns: nomi che hanno una forma singolare e plurale, per esempio:

• Forma singolare: I have an apple
• I do not have an apple
• Forma plurale: I have some/a lot of apples
• I do not have many/a lot of/any apples
• How many apples do you have?

Uncountable Nouns: nomi che hanno solamente una forma singolare per esempio:

• I have some/a lot of rice
• I do not have much/a lot of/any rice
• How much rice do you have?

• Much, Many, A lot of = Molto, Molti, Molta, Molte
• An = Una
• Some, Any = Dei, Del, Delle, Della, Degli o all’espressione "un po’ di..."
• How much/many = Quanti

Unit 7: Nature Tourism

Grammar: Future Forms

Il futuro si utilizza per parlare di azioni future e programmate.

Tra i marcatori temporali più usati troviamo:

• Tomorrow: domani
• The day after tomorrow: il giorno dopo domani
• In: tra
• Next: prossimo
• Soon: presto
• Then: poi/dopo

Più precisamente...

1. Going to: si utilizza per indicare intenzioni e/o piani futuri. (Sicuri)
   • Forma affermativa: soggetto + verbo "to be" + going to + verbo alla forma base
   • Forma negativa: soggetto + verbo "to be" + not + going to + verbo alla forma base
   • Forma interrogativa: verbo to be + soggetto + going to + verbo alla forma base + ?
2. Will: si utilizza per predizioni o promesse (Probabili)
   • Forma affermativa: soggetto + will + verbo in forma base
   • Forma negativa: soggetto + will + not + verbo in forma base
   • Forma interrogativa: Will + soggetto + verbo in forma base + ?
3. Simple present: il simple present con accezione di futuro si usa per parlare di programmi prefissati, spesso con un orario ben definito
   • Es: The flight leaves at 7 PM
4. Present continuous: si usa per parlare di azioni che accadranno al 99%
   • Es: I am visiting Rome tomorrow

Unit 8: Air Travel

Grammar: Modal Verbs (Part 2)

Obligation: "Must" e "Have to" si usano quando qualcosa è un obbligo legale o assolutamente necessario. (Dovere)

• Es: Pilots Must renew their qualification every 3 years
• Air traffic controllers Have to speak English if requested

Prohibition: "Be (not) allowed to" e "Mustn't" si usano quando qualcosa non è permesso

• Es: The English test Mustn't be aviation phraseology only
• Student pilots Are not allowed to carry passengers

Permission: "Be allowed to" si usa quando qualcosa è permesso

• Es: Are pilots Allowed to do the test online?

Advice: "Should" si usa per fornire raccomandazioni e consigli

• Es: Member countries of the ICAO Should follow its standards

Email: Complaint About Service

From: Jerry CardinaleTo: Giorgio FurlaniSubject: Complaint About Service

Dear Mr Furlani,

On behalf of our airline, I apologize for the problems on your recent flight with us from New York to London. I can understand how frustrating it is when your flight is delayed. Unfortunately, bad weather conditions created delays and cancellations across the country that day.

I am also very sorry you did not receive the special meal that you requested. Thank you for bringing this matter to our attention. We want to make travel with us a convenient and trouble-free experience for our passengers but we failed on this occasion.

As a gesture of apology for the inconvenience, I am adding 1,000 bonus miles to your frequent flyer account. I hope that you will fly with us again soon so that we can have an opportunity to restore your confidence in us.

Sincerely,Jerry CardinaleCustomer Relation

Unit 9: Hotel Operations

Grammar: Present Perfect

Il Present Perfect si usa per esprimere un'azione che si è svolta precedentemente ad un'altra espressa al Simple Past.

Le forme:

Forma affermativa: Soggetto + Have/Has + Verbo (+ed) oppure verbo irregolare

Forma negativa: Soggetto + Have/Has + not + Verbo (+ed) oppure verbo irregolare

Forma interrogativa: Have/Has + Soggetto + Verbo (+ed) oppure verbo irregolare