Appunti Lingua Inglese Magistrale - (A.A. 2025/2026)

Dispensa venduta a

UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI BARI «ALDO MORO»

Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza

Corsi di laurea magistrale EMPA – EFI – ESMI

LINGUA INGLESE

Dispensa d'esame

1 Dispensa venduta a

Indice generale

1. Il corso e l'esame (course outlines) ......................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Assessment methods (modalità di valutazione) ............................................................................................... 5

1.2 Evaluation criteria (criteri di valutazione) ........................................................................................................ 5

2. Persuasione e linguaggio diplomatico (persuasion) ............................................................................... 6

2.1 Il processo comunicativo: convince e persuade ............................................................................................... 6

2.2 Diplomacy (la diplomazia come modello) ........................................................................................................ 6

2.3 Che cosa rende un messaggio convincente ...................................................................................................... 6

2.4 Tre tipi di persuasione e i livelli dell'opinione .................................................................................................. 7

2.5 Diplomatic English e diplomatic language ........................................................................................................ 7

2.6 Linguistic tools to use a diplomatic approach .................................................................................................. 7

a) Modal verbs ................................................................................................................................................. 7

b) Passive voice: covering the agent ................................................................................................................ 8

c) Words selection ............................................................................................................................................ 8

d) Rephrasing & rewording .............................................................................................................................. 8

2.7 Softeners e l'acrostico LUMI ............................................................................................................................. 8

1. Litotes – avoid using negative adjectives ..................................................................................................... 9

2. Uncertainty – use hedges ............................................................................................................................. 9

3. Minimize – qualifiers e minimizers .............................................................................................................. 9

4. Invite – invite agreement by asking a negatively-phrased question ............................................................ 9

2.8 More than LUMI: altri strumenti del registro diplomatico ............................................................................. 10

Avoid «finger pointing» statements with «you»............................................................................................ 10

Phatic communion – listen and be understanding ........................................................................................ 10

Say the magic word: sorry .............................................................................................................................. 10

The art of negation (l'arte di dire no) ............................................................................................................. 10

Positive No e approccio «Yes! No. Yes» ......................................................................................................... 10

Fare, accogliere e sospendere le proposte .................................................................................................... 11

A diplomatic tone ........................................................................................................................................... 11

2.9 Subdued tone, understatement e metafore .................................................................................................. 11

3. Comunicazione di crisi, reclami e recensioni online .............................................................................13

3.1 Meeting expectations (gestire le aspettative) ................................................................................................ 13

3.2 How to handle customer's complaints ........................................................................................................... 13

3.3 Apology e apologia: due vie d'uscita .............................................................................................................. 13

3.4 Il modello OOPS (organizational, supervisory, image restoration) ................................................................ 13

3.5 Le recensioni online (customer reviews) ........................................................................................................ 14

4. Gen AI e pubbliche amministrazioni .....................................................................................................16

4.1 Support for AI Act compliance ........................................................................................................................ 16

4.2 Apply AI strategy ............................................................................................................................................ 16

4.3 Coordination & support action ....................................................................................................................... 16

4.4 Expected outcome & KPIs ............................................................................................................................... 16

4.5 Development of AI e progetti pilota ............................................................................................................... 16

4.6 Case study: INPS ............................................................................................................................................. 17

5. Numeracy: numeri, cifre e operazioni...................................................................................................18

5.1 Number e digit ................................................................................................................................................ 18

5.2 Representing numbers: professional style choice .......................................................................................... 18

5.3 Come si legge «zero» ...................................................................................................................................... 18

5.4 Lettere, parentesi, apici e pedici .................................................................................................................... 18

5.5 Mathematical operations ............................................................................................................................... 19

La divisione: divide by e divide into ............................................................................................................... 19

5.6 Fractions (frazioni) .......................................................................................................................................... 19

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5.7 Potenze, radici ed equazioni........................................................................................................................... 19

5.8 The Greek alphabet ........................................................................................................................................ 20

6. Descrivere oggetti, forme e dimensioni ................................................................................................21

6.1 Dimensions (le dimensioni) ............................................................................................................................ 21

6.2 Descrivere un solido: cinque costruzioni ........................................................................................................ 21

6.3 Shapes: nomi e aggettivi ................................................................................................................................. 21

6.4 Lines and surfaces (linee e superfici) .............................................................................................................. 22

6.5 Consist, contain, include: composizione e funzione ....................................................................................... 22

6.6 Aggettivi per descrivere forma, misura e uso ................................................................................................. 23

7. Prepositions e words of position ...........................................................................................................24

7.1 Prepositions (quadro d'insieme) .................................................................................................................... 24

7.2 Words of position ........................................................................................................................................... 24

8. Describing movement and action .........................................................................................................25

8.1 Verbs of movement ........................................................................................................................................ 25

8.2 Active e passive voice nella descrizione di un processo ................................................................................. 25

8.3 How does it work? Tre meccanismi d'esame ................................................................................................. 25

a) The cylinder lock (serratura a cilindro) ...................................................................................................... 25

b) The electric plug (spina elettrica)............................................................................................................... 25

c) The record player (giradischi) ..................................................................................................................... 26

9. Accountancy: annual reports e ratios analysis .....................................................................................27

9.1 Principi contabili internazionali ...................................................................................................................... 27

9.2 Annual report e documenti di bilancio ........................................................................................................... 27

9.3 Current e non-current secondo IAS 1 ............................................................................................................. 28

9.4 Il conto economico: per natura e per destinazione........................................................................................ 29

9.5 Gli schemi civilistici italiani in inglese (artt. 2424-2425 c.c.) .......................................................................... 30

9.6 Bilanci reali: terminologia di Stati Uniti, Regno Unito ed Enel ....................................................................... 31

9.7 Gruppi e partecipazioni (art. 2359 c.c.) .......................................................................................................... 32

9.8 Facing acronyms: il linguaggio internazionale degli indici .............................................................................. 32

9.9 Fonti pubbliche: EDGAR e Companies House ................................................................................................. 33

10. Business legal structures: forme societarie anglo-americane ............................................................35

10.1 Società, azienda, impresa ............................................................................................................................. 35

10.2 Accountability, responsibility, liability .......................................................................................................... 35

10.3 Il quadro delle forme .................................................................................................................................... 35

10.4 Sole trader e partnership.............................................................................................................................. 36

10.5 LLP, LLC e PLLC .............................................................................................................................................. 36

10.6 Companies: private e public limited company ............................................................................................. 37

Plc capital (strumenti di capitale) ................................................................................................................... 38

Altri tipi di company ....................................................................................................................................... 38

10.7 Regulation: memorandum e articles of association ..................................................................................... 38

10.8 Co-operative, franchise, public sector, EEIG ................................................................................................ 38

11. Digital business communication .........................................................................................................40

11.1 Advertising e publicity .................................................................................................................................. 40

11.2 M-advertising, moment advertising e PR metrics ........................................................................................ 40

11.3 Programmatic advertising, RTB e header bidding ........................................................................................ 40

11.4 Ad networks e modelli di commissione ........................................................................................................ 40

11.5 Advertorial, native ads e display ads ............................................................................................................ 41

11.6 Rating ads: valutare un annuncio ................................................................................................................. 41

11.7 Page quality e presenza sul web ................................................................................................................... 42

11.8 Rating web search: query, locale e user intent ............................................................................................ 42

12. Export office, commercio internazionale e means of payment .........................................................44

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12.1 L'impresa esportatrice e la comunicazione in lingua straniera .................................................................... 44

12.2 Payment methods and risk (metodi di pagamento e rischio) ...................................................................... 44

Open account ................................................................................................................................................. 45

Consignment (merci in conto deposito, «beni conto terzi») ......................................................................... 45

Exploring innovative approaches to international markets ........................................................................... 45

12.3 Pagamenti tramite banca: strumenti e parti ................................................................................................ 45

12.4 Documentary credit e stand-by letter of credit ............................................................................................ 46

12.5 Altri sistemi di pagamento internazionale.................................................................................................... 47

12.6 Incoterms 2020 e franchising ....................................................................................................................... 47

13. Job search: covering letter, CV e video CV ..........................................................................................49

13.1 The covering letter ....................................................................................................................................... 49

Using Gen AI: how to write your cover letter using generative AI ................................................................. 49

13.2 Terminologia: tirocinio, formazione, apprendistato .................................................................................... 50

13.3 Writing a CV .................................................................................................................................................. 50

CV sections ..................................................................................................................................................... 50

Power words to use on your résumé ............................................................................................................. 51

13.4 Transferable skills ......................................................................................................................................... 51

13.5 The job interview .......................................................................................................................................... 52

13.6 The video CV (VCV) ....................................................................................................................................... 52

14. Legal English .........................................................................................................................................53

14.1 Translation problems .................................................................................................................................... 53

14.2 The English legal system ............................................................................................................................... 53

14.3 Equity ............................................................................................................................................................ 53

14.4 Law of property ............................................................................................................................................ 54

14.5 Housing law: dwelling-house e Rent