Concetti Chiave
- Language encompasses both oral and written forms, serving as a primary medium for human communication and skill development.
- English phonetics and phonology reveal a complexity with 26 letters translating into 44 distinct sounds, highlighting a lack of direct correspondence between letters and sounds.
- Phonology studies the abstract sound systems of language through phonemes, while phonetics focuses on the physical properties and perception of these sounds.
- The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) provides a universal system to represent speech sounds, utilizing symbols from the Roman alphabet to describe vowels and consonants.
- Accents influence pronunciation, with rhotic accents pronouncing /r/ wherever it appears, while non-rhotic accents limit /r/ usage to specific positions within words.
What is the relationship between Language and Communication?
Language is not only oral but even written.(to communicate)
Speech(oral) is the primary way human express.
Speech is a sequence of sounds.
Speech and language are linked.
Necessary to understand people, to speak and to improve our skills.
Is for speech, while the spelling is for writing.
We need to know both(they are closer)
but:
ssbe ga
•secretary /ˈsekrətri//ˈsekrɪˌteri/
•wonder/ˈwʌndə(r)/ /ˈwʌndər/
•wander/ˈwɒndə(r)/ /ˈwɒndər/
•queue/kjuː/ /kjuː/
•maid/meɪd/ /meɪd/
•made/meɪd/ /meɪd/
•tear/teə(r)//tɛ:r/
In English there are 26 letters, but 44 sounds in the language. (so the number of sounds is not always the same as the number of letters) and also there isn't a correspondence between the grapheme(the letter) and a sound. Graphemes could be , ,
Phonology and Phonetics
The sound of speech is studied by phonetic and phonology.
Phonology is the study of the sound system. Its unit of analysis is the phoneme. The phoneme is the minimal unit of the sound; it is abstract. /.../
Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sound (acoustic), how they are pronounced and how they are perceived. The unit is the phone [...] The phone is the physical realisation of a phoneme , the "noise".
International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), since 1888. It is universal. Many of the symbols are drawn by the Roman Alphabet.
Vowels:
12 monophthongs = 5 long and 7 short.
8 diphthongs.
Vowels are described according to the opening of the mouth, position of the tongue, the shape of the lips.
Minimal pair is a pair of words that differ just for one single sound, very similar.
Accents and Pronunciation
Rhotic vs non-rhotic accent. by John Wells for two kind of spoken English.
Rhotic accent = /r/ pronounced wherever it is graphically present. (GA)
non-rhotic accent = /r/ is pronounced in initial position and inter vocalically but not post-vocalically(beard, work) or in final position(mother) (SSBE)
Domande da interrogazione
- What is the primary way humans express language, and how is it linked to communication?
Speech is the primary way humans express language, serving as a sequence of sounds that are crucial for communication. It is closely linked to language, as understanding and improving communication skills require knowledge of both speech and written language.
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